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Related Concept Videos

Kidney Transplant I: Introduction01:28

Kidney Transplant I: Introduction

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A kidney transplant is a surgical approach that involves replacing a non-functioning kidney with a healthy one from a donor. This procedure is often a treatment option for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. The method requires careful recipient selection, including evaluating various medical and psychosocial factors. These criteria vary between transplant centers but generally include assessments of the patient's overall health, adherence to medical recommendations, and lifestyle...
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Peripheral Artery Disease V: Postoperative Nursing Management01:23

Peripheral Artery Disease V: Postoperative Nursing Management

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During the postoperative period, it is crucial to focus on maintaining circulation, identifying and managing potential complications, and planning for discharge.Nursing AssessmentVital signs monitoring: Regularly monitor vital signs, including blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, and temperature, to detect early signs of complications such as bleeding and infection.Circulation assessment: Monitor pulses, perform Doppler assessments, and check capillary refill, color, temperature, and...
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Kidney Transplant III: Nursing Management01:16

Kidney Transplant III: Nursing Management

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Postoperative Nursing Management for Kidney Transplant PatientsPostoperative nursing management care includes monitoring the surgical site, encouraging early movement, and promoting lung health through breathing exercises. Nurses also administer prescribed medications like H2-blockers, such as famotidine, or proton pump inhibitors, like omeprazole, to help prevent gastrointestinal ulcers and bleeding. Fungal infections in the mouth and bladder can result from immunosuppressive and antibiotic...
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Cardiomyopathy V: Interprofessional Care01:29

Cardiomyopathy V: Interprofessional Care

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Managing cardiomyopathy involves addressing underlying or precipitating causes, treating heart failure with medications, and implementing dietary changes and a balanced exercise and rest regimen.Lifestyle ModificationsCardiomyopathy patients should adopt a low-sodium diet to reduce fluid retention and manage heart failure. A personalized exercise and rest plan helps maintain physical fitness without overstraining the heart. Avoiding alcohol and tobacco is essential to prevent further damage to...
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Kidney Transplant II: Surgical Procedure01:26

Kidney Transplant II: Surgical Procedure

98
Preoperative ManagementThe primary goals of preoperative management in kidney transplantation are to optimize the patient’s metabolic state and prepare them for surgery through diet adjustments, necessary dialysis, and tailored medical treatment. This phase also involves comprehensive infection screening and patient education about the surgical procedure and postoperative care to improve outcomes and adherence.Medical ManagementA comprehensive evaluation is required for both the living...
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Cardiomyopathy VII: Pre and Post Operative Nursing Management01:28

Cardiomyopathy VII: Pre and Post Operative Nursing Management

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Patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction who remain symptomatic despite optimal medical therapy may undergo a septal myectomy (Morrow procedure). This procedure involves excising a portion of the hypertrophied septum below the aortic valve using a heart-lung machine to improve blood flow through the LVOT. Effective preoperative and postoperative nursing management ensures successful patient outcomes, minimizes complications, and...
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Post-Transplant Cardiovascular Disease.

Kelly A Birdwell1, Meyeon Park2

  • 1Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.

Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN
|September 24, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Kidney transplant recipients face significant cardiovascular disease risks, often worsened by immunosuppression. Optimal management strategies, including new therapies like SGLT2 inhibitors, are crucial for improving outcomes.

Keywords:
cardiovascular diseasecoronary artery diseasediabetesheart failurehypertensionimmunosuppressionkidney transplantationkidney transplantation seriesobesity

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Cardiology
  • Transplantation Medicine

Background:

  • Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in kidney transplant recipients.
  • Pre-existing and post-transplant cardiovascular risk factors are exacerbated by immunosuppressive therapy.
  • Common post-transplant cardiovascular complications include coronary artery disease, heart failure, and arrhythmias.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and discuss optimal strategies for identifying and treating cardiovascular risk factors in kidney transplant recipients.
  • To highlight emerging therapeutic options, such as sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors, for managing post-transplant diabetes and CVD.
  • To outline approaches for screening, treatment, and prevention of cardiac disease post-kidney transplantation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on cardiovascular risk factors and management in kidney transplant recipients.
  • Discussion of traditional and nontraditional cardiovascular risk factors.
  • Exploration of screening protocols, treatment guidelines, and preventive measures for post-transplant cardiac disease.

Main Results:

  • Identification of key cardiovascular risk factors, both pre- and post-transplant.
  • Discussion of the impact of immunosuppression on cardiovascular health.
  • Emerging role of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors in managing comorbid diabetes and CVD.

Conclusions:

  • Comprehensive management of cardiovascular risk factors is essential for improving long-term outcomes in kidney transplant recipients.
  • Further research is needed to establish optimal treatment goals, medication choices, and the role of biomarkers and screening interventions.
  • Proactive screening and tailored treatment strategies are vital for preventing and managing post-transplant cardiac disease.