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The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...
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Updated: Oct 19, 2025

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SARS-CoV-2: an imperative maternal-fetal concern.

Zahra Heydarifard1, Jila Yavarian1, Somayeh Shatizadeh Malekshahi2

  • 1Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Iranian Journal of Microbiology
|September 24, 2021
PubMed
Summary

This review examines the risks of SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy, including potential intrauterine transmission and adverse outcomes for mothers and fetuses. It also explores maternal factors influencing COVID-19 severity.

Keywords:
COVID-19FetusPregnancySARS-CoV-2Vertical transmission

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a novel betacoronavirus, poses risks during pregnancy.
  • Previous betacoronaviruses have been linked to adverse pregnancy outcomes.
  • Limited data exists on SARS-CoV-2's impact on pregnancy, creating a public health concern.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the risk of intrauterine vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2.
  • To examine adverse pregnancy outcomes for mothers and fetuses.
  • To identify maternal risk factors for severe Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing studies on SARS-CoV-2 and pregnancy.
  • Analysis of reported cases and outcomes.
  • Synthesis of data on vertical transmission and maternal risk factors.

Main Results:

  • Evidence suggests a potential for intrauterine SARS-CoV-2 transmission.
  • Maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection can lead to adverse fetal and maternal outcomes.
  • Certain maternal factors are associated with increased COVID-19 severity.

Conclusions:

  • SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy warrants careful monitoring and management.
  • Further research is needed to fully understand transmission dynamics and long-term effects.
  • Identifying and mitigating maternal risk factors is crucial for improving pregnancy outcomes.