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Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Beyond Ribavirin: A Systematic Review

Stephanie P Fabara1, Juan Fernando Ortiz2,3, Derrick Wayne Smith4

  • 1Internal Medicine, Universidad Catolica de Santiago de Guayaquil, Guayaquil, ECU.

Cureus
|September 24, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) treatments show promise. Plasma exchange and immunoglobulins reduced mortality, while ribavirin aids post-exposure prophylaxis for this severe tick-borne illness.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a severe tick-borne viral illness.
  • It is endemic across Africa, the Mediterranean, and the Balkans.
  • CCHF has a high case fatality rate, necessitating effective treatments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current literature on treatment and prophylactic measures for CCHF.
  • To identify effective interventions for managing CCHF outbreaks.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature search using PubMed and Medical Subject Headings (MeSH).
  • Inclusion of full-text, human studies in English.
  • Analysis of reported treatment outcomes and prophylactic efficacy.

Main Results:

  • Plasma exchange was associated with reduced CCHF mortality.
  • Immunoglobulin therapy effectively decreased disease severity and mortality risk.
  • Ribavirin demonstrated utility as a post-exposure prophylaxis, with no significant route difference.

Conclusions:

  • Supportive care combined with antiviral agents forms the current CCHF management cornerstone.
  • Further research is crucial for definitive therapeutic agents and treatment guidelines.
  • Rising CCHF outbreaks underscore the urgent need for advanced interventions.

Keywords:
crimean congo hemorrhagic feverdexamethasonehyperimmunoglobulinintravenous immunoglobulin (ivig)therapeutic plasmapheresistreatment choices

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