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Related Concept Videos

Phase Transitions02:31

Phase Transitions

20.9K
Whether solid, liquid, or gas, a substance's state depends on the order and arrangement of its particles (atoms, molecules, or ions). Particles in the solid pack closely together, generally in a pattern. The particles vibrate about their fixed positions but do not move or squeeze past their neighbors. In liquids, although the particles are closely spaced, they are randomly arranged. The position of the particles are not fixed—that is, they are free to move past their neighbors to...
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Phase Diagrams02:39

Phase Diagrams

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A phase diagram combines plots of pressure versus temperature for the liquid-gas, solid-liquid, and solid-gas phase-transition equilibria of a substance. These diagrams indicate the physical states that exist under specific conditions of pressure and temperature and also provide the pressure dependence of the phase-transition temperatures (melting points, sublimation points, boiling points). Regions or areas labeled solid, liquid, and gas represent single phases, while lines or curves represent...
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Phase Diagram01:19

Phase Diagram

6.3K
The phase of a given substance depends on the pressure and temperature. Thus, plots of pressure versus temperature showing the phase in each region provide considerable insights into the thermal properties of substances. Such plots are known as phase diagrams. For instance, in the phase diagram for water (Figure 1), the solid curve boundaries between the phases indicate phase transitions (i.e., temperatures and pressures at which the phases coexist).
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Membrane Fluidity01:26

Membrane Fluidity

13.2K
Membrane fluidity is explained by the fluid mosaic model of the cell membrane, which describes the plasma membrane structure as a mosaic of components—including phospholipids, cholesterol, proteins, and carbohydrates—that gives the membrane a fluid character.
Mosaic nature of the membrane
The mosaic characteristic of the membrane helps the plasma membrane remain fluid. The integral proteins and lipids exist as separate but loosely-attached molecules in the membrane. The membrane is...
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States of Water01:23

States of Water

54.4K
Water exists in any one of the three classical states: solid (ice), liquid (water), and gas (steam or water vapor). The state of water depends on i) the intermolecular forces that draw molecules together and ii) the kinetic energy that leads to movements that pull them apart.
Water freezes when the intermolecular forces are greater than the kinetic energy. Unlike most other substances, water is less dense in its solid state than in its liquid state. This is because each water molecule can form...
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Fluid Mosaic Model01:19

Fluid Mosaic Model

14.1K
Scientists identified the plasma membrane in the 1890s and its principal chemical components (lipids and proteins) by 1915. The model for plasma membrane structure, proposed in 1935 by Hugh Davson and James Danielli, was the first model to be widely accepted in the scientific community. The model was based on the plasma membrane's "railroad track" appearance in early electron micrographs. Davson and Danielli theorized that the plasma membrane's structure resembled a sandwich...
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Updated: Oct 19, 2025

Phase Diagram Characterization Using Magnetic Beads as Liquid Carriers
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Phase Diagram Characterization Using Magnetic Beads as Liquid Carriers

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Probing Water State during Lipidic Mesophases Phase Transitions.

Yang Yao1, Sara Catalini2, Bence Kutus3

  • 1Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Schmelzbergstrasse 9, 8092, Zürich, Switzerland.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|September 24, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Lipidic mesophases exhibit distinct water states during phase transitions. Water dynamics slow due to hydrogen bonds and nanoconfinement, with more bound water in the hexagonal phase than cubic phases.

Keywords:
dielectric spectroscopyinterfaceslipidic mesophasephase transitionswater dynamics

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Atomic Force Microscopy Imaging and Force Spectroscopy of Supported Lipid Bilayers
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Combining Microfluidics and Microrheology to Determine Rheological Properties of Soft Matter during Repeated Phase Transitions
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Atomic Force Microscopy Imaging and Force Spectroscopy of Supported Lipid Bilayers
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Atomic Force Microscopy Imaging and Force Spectroscopy of Supported Lipid Bilayers

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Physical Chemistry
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Lipidic mesophases, formed by amphiphilic molecules like monolinolein, self-assemble into various nanostructures.
  • Understanding water's behavior within these structures is crucial for applications in drug delivery and biomimetic systems.
  • Phase transitions between bicontinuous cubic and reverse hexagonal phases alter the water network's topology and dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the static and dynamic states of water during phase transitions in monolinolein-based lipidic mesophases.
  • To elucidate the relationship between water network dynamics, hydrogen bonding, and mesophase structure.
  • To compare water behavior in double gyroid, double diamond cubic, and reverse hexagonal phases.

Main Methods:

  • Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy to probe hydrogen bonding.
  • Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy (BDS) to analyze water dynamics.
  • Combination of FTIR and BDS for comprehensive characterization of water states.

Main Results:

  • Two distinct water fractions (bound and interstitial free) were identified in both cubic and hexagonal phases.
  • Water dynamics in both fractions are slower than bulk water due to hydrogen bonding and nanoconfinement.
  • Contrary to expectations, the hexagonal phase showed more hydrogen-bonded water than the cubic phase, attributed to topological differences.

Conclusions:

  • The study reveals complex water dynamics and hydrogen bonding patterns in lipidic mesophases.
  • Phase transitions significantly influence water network structure and mobility.
  • Topological factors, specifically the interface/volume ratio, play a key role in rationalizing observed water behavior.