Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Cell Inclusions01:27

Cell Inclusions

304
Prokaryotic cells possess a variety of inclusions that play crucial roles in nutrient storage, metabolic processes, and environmental adaptation. These structures enable bacteria to thrive under fluctuating environmental conditions by storing essential resources and optimizing their metabolic efficiency.Carbon Storage: Poly-β-Hydroxybutyric Acid and Glycogen GranulesBacteria frequently store excess carbon in specialized granules. Poly-β-hydroxybutyric acid (PHB) granules are lipid...
304
Endospores and Sporulation01:20

Endospores and Sporulation

1.9K
Endospores are specialized, dormant cells primarily formed by Gram-positive bacteria, including Bacillus and Clostridium, enabling survival under extreme environmental conditions. Due to their unique composition and formation process, these structures are highly resistant to physical and chemical insults, such as extreme heat, ultraviolet and ionizing radiation, desiccation, and toxic chemicals. Rare instances of endospore-like structures have also been observed in some Gram-negative bacteria,...
1.9K
Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Stability Enhancement and GI Retention01:05

Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Stability Enhancement and GI Retention

22
Body:Improving a drug's stability in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is paramount for enhancing its bioavailability and therapeutic effectiveness. Various strategies are employed to protect the drug from the harsh gastric milieu and to ensure its release and absorption at the desired site within the GI tract.Polymer coatings are one such method used to shield drugs from the stomach's acidic environment. By preventing premature drug release, these coatings improve the bioavailability of unstable...
22
Outer Layers of the Cell Envelope01:18

Outer Layers of the Cell Envelope

505
The outermost layers of prokaryotic cells play a critical role in their survival, virulence, and interaction with the environment. These layers, often composed of polysaccharides, polypeptides, or proteins, form protective and adhesive structures that vary in organization and function.Capsules and Slime LayersCapsules are highly organized, tightly bound layers that firmly attach to the bacterial cell wall. Capsules are usually made of polysaccharides, though some are made of polypeptides. These...
505
Special Staining Techniques01:13

Special Staining Techniques

678
Specialized staining techniques play a vital role in microbiology by enabling the visualization of specific bacterial structures that remain undetectable with standard microscopy methods. These techniques not only enhance the structural visualization of bacterial cells but also provide critical insights into their pathogenicity and classification. Additionally, they support diagnostic and research endeavors in microbiology by identifying key bacterial features.Capsule Staining for Virulence...
678

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

BMI partially mediates the association between the non-HDL-C/HDL-C ratio and depression in obese adults.

Diabetology & metabolic syndrome·2025
Same author

The association between physical activity and depression among weekend catch-up sleepers: results from NHANES 2021-2023.

BMC psychiatry·2025
Same author

Threshold effects of sleep duration and cognitive function in older adults with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m<sup>2</sup>.

Frontiers in aging neuroscience·2025
Same author

Killing tumor-associated bacteria with a liposomal antibiotic generates neoantigens that induce anti-tumor immune responses.

Nature biotechnology·2023
Same author

Development of an Intranasal Gel for the Delivery of a Broadly Acting Subunit Influenza Vaccine.

ACS biomaterials science & engineering·2022
Same author

Viral vector-based gene therapies in the clinic.

Bioengineering & translational medicine·2022

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 19, 2025

Author Spotlight: Advancing Intestinal Bacteria Cultivation for Poultry
04:36

Author Spotlight: Advancing Intestinal Bacteria Cultivation for Poultry

Published on: May 10, 2024

1.0K

Enhanced Storage of Anaerobic Bacteria through Polymeric Encapsulation.

Kunyu Qiu1, Aaron C Anselmo1

  • 1Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|September 24, 2021
PubMed
Summary

This study developed a novel polymeric encapsulation system to stabilize oxygen-sensitive anaerobic bacteria, Bifidobacterium adolescentis. The new method enables long-term storage and the creation of probiotic supplements in various dosage forms.

Keywords:
formulationlive biotherapeutic productspolymeric encapsulationprobioticsstorage

More Related Videos

Culturing and Maintaining Clostridium difficile in an Anaerobic Environment
11:13

Culturing and Maintaining Clostridium difficile in an Anaerobic Environment

Published on: September 14, 2013

39.2K
Immobilization of Multi-biocatalysts in Alginate Beads for Cofactor Regeneration and Improved Reusability
09:27

Immobilization of Multi-biocatalysts in Alginate Beads for Cofactor Regeneration and Improved Reusability

Published on: April 22, 2016

17.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 19, 2025

Author Spotlight: Advancing Intestinal Bacteria Cultivation for Poultry
04:36

Author Spotlight: Advancing Intestinal Bacteria Cultivation for Poultry

Published on: May 10, 2024

1.0K
Culturing and Maintaining Clostridium difficile in an Anaerobic Environment
11:13

Culturing and Maintaining Clostridium difficile in an Anaerobic Environment

Published on: September 14, 2013

39.2K
Immobilization of Multi-biocatalysts in Alginate Beads for Cofactor Regeneration and Improved Reusability
09:27

Immobilization of Multi-biocatalysts in Alginate Beads for Cofactor Regeneration and Improved Reusability

Published on: April 22, 2016

17.6K

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Materials Science
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Live microbes, including probiotics and live biotherapeutic products, offer therapeutic potential for various conditions.
  • Anaerobic microbes present formulation and storage challenges due to their oxygen sensitivity, unlike more common facultative anaerobes.
  • Novel strategies are needed to overcome the oxygen intolerance of certain anaerobic bacteria for therapeutic applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a polymeric encapsulation system for the formulation and storage of the oxygen-sensitive anaerobe, Bifidobacterium adolescentis (B. adolescentis).
  • To identify suitable polymers and excipients that protect B. adolescentis from oxygen-induced degradation.
  • To demonstrate the feasibility of creating pharmaceutical and food-grade dosage forms using the developed formulation.

Main Methods:

  • Investigated the viability of B. adolescentis under aerobic conditions at different temperatures (4°C and 37°C).
  • Systematically screened various polymer encapsulants and excipients, focusing on poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA).
  • Developed oral capsule-loaded films and edible gummy bear dosage forms using PVA-based formulations.

Main Results:

  • B. adolescentis remained viable for 14 days under aerobic conditions at 4°C, enabling aerobic formulation development.
  • Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) encapsulation effectively acted as an oxygen barrier, facilitating long-term storage of B. adolescentis.
  • PVA formulations demonstrated compatibility with both pharmaceutical (capsule films) and food (gummy bears) dosage forms.

Conclusions:

  • Polymeric encapsulation, particularly with PVA, provides a viable strategy for formulating and storing oxygen-sensitive anaerobic bacteria like B. adolescentis.
  • The developed method overcomes key challenges associated with anaerobic microbe formulation, enabling broader therapeutic and probiotic applications.
  • PVA-based formulations are versatile, allowing for the creation of diverse and stable oral delivery systems for anaerobic probiotics.