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Defect Saturation in a Rapidly Quenched Bose Gas.

Junhong Goo¹, Younghoon Lim^1,2, Y Shin^1,2,3

¹Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.

Physical Review Letters

|September 24, 2021

Summary

Defect density saturation in atomic Bose gases is observed during rapid cooling into a superfluid phase. This saturation is due to early-time coarsening, not vortex collisions, revealing dynamics beyond the Kibble-Zurek mechanism.

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Area of Science:

Quantum physics
Condensed matter physics
Atomic physics

Background:

Superfluid phase transitions involve defect formation.
The Kibble-Zurek (KZ) mechanism describes defect creation during phase transitions.

Purpose of the Study:

Investigate defect density saturation in atomic Bose gases during rapid cooling.
Determine the mechanism behind vortex number saturation in quenched Bose gases.

Main Methods:

Rapid cooling of an atomic Bose gas into a superfluid phase.
Analysis of quantum vortex number distribution.
Observation of condensate growth dynamics relative to quenching.

Main Results:

Quantum vortex number distribution follows a Poissonian pattern for both slow and fast quenches.
Mean vortex number saturates in fast quenches, deviating from KZ scaling.
Saturation is attributed to early-time coarsening in the emerging condensate, not vortex collisions.

Conclusions:

Defect saturation in quenched Bose gases is an effect beyond the standard Kibble-Zurek mechanism.
The defect number distribution offers insights into critical phase transition dynamics.
This work provides a new avenue for studying non-equilibrium quantum phenomena.