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Updated: Oct 19, 2025

Author Spotlight: Isolation and Culture of Primary Synovial Macrophages and Fibroblasts from Murine Arthritis Tissue
Published on: February 24, 2023
Synovial single-cell heterogeneity, zonation and interactions: a patchwork of effectors in arthritis
Barbora Schonfeldova1, Kristina Zec1, Irina A Udalova1
1The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Abstract:
Despite extensive research, there is still no treatment that would lead to remission in all patients with rheumatoid arthritis as our understanding of the affected site, the synovium, is still incomplete. Recently, single-cell technologies helped to decipher the cellular heterogeneity of the synovium; however, certain synovial cell populations, such as endothelial cells or peripheral neurons, remain to be profiled on a single-cell level. Furthermore, associations between certain cellular states and inflammation were found; whether these cells cause the inflammation remains to be answered. Similarly, cellular zonation and interactions between individual effectors in the synovium are yet to be fully determined. A deeper understanding of cell signalling and interactions in the synovium is crucial for a better design of therapeutics with the goal of complete remission in all patients.
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