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Transfusion-Transmitted Malaria: Two Pediatric Cases From the United States and Their Relevance in an Increasingly

Leigh A Stubbs1, Michael Price2, Daniel Noland3

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA.

Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society
|September 24, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Transfusion-transmitted malaria (TTM) is a rare but serious risk, even in non-endemic areas. Healthcare providers should consider TTM in children with fever after multiple blood transfusions, especially those with sickle cell disease.

Area of Science:

  • Medicine
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Hematology

Background:

  • Transfusion-transmitted malaria (TTM) is an uncommon but life-threatening complication of blood transfusions.
  • Globalization and increased travel have led to a rise in TTM cases in non-endemic regions.
  • Current donor screening methods, relying on questionnaires, may not be fully effective in preventing TTM.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the potential for TTM in non-endemic settings.
  • To emphasize the limitations of donor screening questionnaires in identifying malaria-infected donors.
  • To alert clinicians to consider TTM in pediatric patients presenting with fever post-transfusion.

Main Methods:

  • Case report presentation of two pediatric patients diagnosed with TTM.
  • Review of transfusion history and clinical presentation in affected children.
  • Analysis of diagnostic considerations for fever following blood transfusions.

Main Results:

  • Two pediatric cases of TTM were identified following multiple blood transfusions.
  • The cases underscore the potential for false negatives in donor screening questionnaires.
  • Fever following numerous transfusions in children, particularly those with sickle cell disease, should raise suspicion for TTM.

Conclusions:

  • TTM poses a significant risk in non-endemic areas and requires heightened clinical awareness.
  • Relying solely on donor questionnaires for malaria screening is insufficient.
  • Prompt consideration of TTM is crucial for timely diagnosis and treatment in at-risk pediatric populations, including sickle cell patients.

Keywords:
P falciparumP ovaleblood donorplasmodium

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