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Intellectual disability (ID) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by deficits in intellectual and adaptive functioning that manifest during the developmental period. This condition encompasses challenges in reasoning, memory, problem-solving, and learning, accompanied by impairments in everyday life skills, such as communication, self-care, and social interactions. Intellectual disability affects approximately 1% of the population in the United States, impacting an estimated 5...
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Associations Between Active Mobility Index and Disability.

Takehiko Doi1, Kota Tsutsumimoto1, Sho Nakakubo1

  • 1Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi, Japan.

Journal of the American Medical Directors Association
|September 24, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The Active Mobility Index (AMI) effectively assesses older adults' going-out behaviors. Lower AMI scores correlate with increased risks of depression, frailty, cognitive decline, and disability.

Keywords:
Frailtycognitiondepression

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Public Health
  • Behavioral Science

Background:

  • Assessing older adults' engagement in physical and social activities is crucial for maintaining health and independence.
  • Existing measures may not fully capture the nuances of 'going-out' behavior, encompassing both physical and social dimensions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate the Active Mobility Index (AMI), a questionnaire-based tool to measure life-space engagement in older adults.
  • To evaluate the criterion-related and predictive validity of the AMI concerning various health outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective cohort study involving 4432 older adults (mean age 75.9 years).
  • The AMI assessed frequency, purpose, transportation, social interaction, and physical activity within different life-space zones (<1 km, 1-10 km, >10 km).
  • Criterion validity was examined using measures of depressive symptoms, frailty, and cognitive function; predictive validity by monitoring incident disability.

Main Results:

  • Lower AMI scores (quartiles 1-3) were significantly associated with higher prevalence of depressive symptoms, frailty, and cognitive impairment compared to the highest quartile (Q4).
  • Individuals in the lowest AMI score group (Q1) had substantially higher odds of adverse health outcomes (ORs ranging from 1.28 to 3.94).
  • The lowest AMI group also demonstrated a significantly increased risk of incident disability (HR 1.53).

Conclusions:

  • The Active Mobility Index (AMI) is a valid tool for assessing life-space activity in older adults.
  • Lower levels of active mobility, as measured by AMI, are linked to poorer physical and cognitive health and a higher risk of future disability.
  • Further research is warranted to explore the causal relationship between active mobility and adverse health outcomes.