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Updated: Oct 19, 2025
Basics of Multivariate Analysis in Neuroimaging Data
Published on: July 24, 2010
Preliminary quantitative analysis of vertebral microenvironment changes in type 2 diabetes mellitus using FOCUS
Hui Yang1, Xiaojie Cui1, Xiuzhu Zheng1
1Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Tai'an 271000, Shandong, China.
Purpose:
To explore the application of intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion-weighted imaging(IVIM-DWI) on account of field-of-view optimized and constrained undistorted single shot (FOCUS) and iteraterative decomposition of water and fat with echo asymmetry and least-squares estimation quantitation(IDEAL-IQ) sequences in evaluating the vertebral microenvironment changes of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) patients and the correlation with bone mineral density(BMD).
Method:
128 T2DM patients (mean age 63.4 ± 5.28 years) underwent both dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) and spine MRI. The FOCUS IVIM-DWI and IDEAL-IQ derived parameters of the vertebral body(L1, L2, L3, L4)were measured on corresponding maps of the lumbar spine. The subjects were divided into 3 groups according to T-scores as follows: normal (n = 37), osteopenia (n = 43), and osteoporosis(n = 48) group.One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to compare the vertebral parameters(ADCslow, ADCfast, f, FF, R2*) among three BMD cohorts.Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses and Spearman's rank correlation were performed to test the diagnostic performance and the correlation between them respectively.
Results:
There were significant differences in vertebral ADCslow, ADCfast, FF and R2* between the three groups (P < 0.05).Statistically, BMD was moderately negatively correlated with FF (r = -0.584, P < 0.001) and weakly positively with ADCslow (r = 0.334, P < 0.001), meanwhile moderately positively correlated with R2*(r = 0.509, P < 0.001) and ADCfast(0.545, P < 0.001).ADCfast was moderately negatively correlated with FF (r = -0.417, P < 0.001), weakly positively correlated with R2*(0.359, P < 0.001).Compared with the area under the curve (AUC) of ADCslow, ADCfast, FF and R2*, the AUC of ADCfast was higher in identifying between normal and abnormal(osteopenia and osteoporosis), normal from osteopenia, while the AUC of FF was higher in identifying osteopenia from osteoporosis.
Conclusions:
FOCUS IVIM-DWI and IDEAL-IQ of lumbar spine might be useful to evaluate the vertebral microenvironment changes of T2DM patients.
