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Pathophysiology of Pediatric Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: Similarities and Differences With Adults

Kornilia Nikaki1, Daniel Sifrim2

  • 1Gastroenterology Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children.

Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology
|September 24, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) involves stomach contents moving into the esophagus, causing symptoms. This study compares the underlying causes and symptom generation in pediatric versus adult GERD.

Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Pediatric Gastroenterology
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) is the passage of gastric contents into the esophagus.
  • Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) occurs when GER causes troublesome symptoms or complications.
  • The Montreal consensus definition (2006) focuses on symptoms, encompassing various phenotypes from functional heartburn to esophagitis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically describe the mechanisms of reflux event generation and clearance.
  • To discuss the mechanisms involved in symptom generation in GERD.
  • To compare the pathophysiology of pediatric GERD with adult GERD.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of mechanisms for reflux event generation and clearance.
  • Analysis of mechanisms contributing to GERD symptom generation.
  • Comparative analysis of pediatric and adult GERD pathophysiology.

Main Results:

  • Detailed description of reflux event generation and clearance mechanisms.
  • Explanation of how reflux leads to symptoms in different GERD phenotypes.
  • Identification of similarities and differences between pediatric and adult GERD.

Conclusions:

  • GERD pathophysiology is multifactorial, involving complex interactions.
  • Understanding distinct pediatric and adult mechanisms is crucial for targeted management.
  • Further research into comparative pathophysiology can refine diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.

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