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Related Concept Videos

Catalysis02:50

Catalysis

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The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.
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Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation02:17

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

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Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...
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Batteries and Fuel Cells03:12

Batteries and Fuel Cells

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A battery is a galvanic cell that is used as a source of electrical power for specific applications. Modern batteries exist in a multitude of forms to accommodate various applications, from tiny button batteries such as those that power wristwatches to the very large batteries used to supply backup energy to municipal power grids. Some batteries are designed for single-use applications and cannot be recharged (primary cells), while others are based on conveniently reversible cell reactions that...
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Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:13

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

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Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
Metals like palladium, platinum, and nickel are commonly used in their solid forms — fine powder on an inert surface. As these catalysts remain insoluble in the reaction mixture, they are referred to as heterogeneous catalysts.
The hydrogenation process takes place on the...
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Peroxisomes01:24

Peroxisomes

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Peroxisomes are specialized organelles present in fungi, plant, and animal cells. It can vary in number, size, morphology, and activity depending on the type of tissue and the nutritional state of the cell. For example, cells with active lipid metabolism, such as adipocytes, neurons, and hepatocytes, have more peroxisomes than other cells in the body. Besides their primary role in breaking down complex organic molecules, peroxisomes can also synthesize specific macromolecules and participate in...
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Thermal and Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Overview01:26

Thermal and Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Overview

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Electrocyclic reactions are reversible reactions. They involve an intramolecular cyclization or ring-opening of a conjugated polyene. Shown below are two examples of electrocyclic reactions. In the first reaction, the formation of the cyclic product is favored. In contrast, in the second reaction, ring-opening is favored due to the high ring strain associated with cyclobutene formation.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 19, 2025

Author Spotlight: Design and Evaluation of Au-Electroplated Carbon Fiber Cloth Electrodes for Hydrogen Peroxide Fuel Cells
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Carbon-Based Electrocatalysts for Efficient Hydrogen Peroxide Production.

Yunfei Bu1, Yaobin Wang1, Gao-Feng Han2

  • 1Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology (CICAEET), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control (AEMPC), UNIST-NUIST Research Center of Environment and Energy, (UNNU), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology (NUIST), Nanjing, 210044, P. R. China.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|September 25, 2021
PubMed
Summary

This review explores optimizing carbon-based catalysts for efficient electrosynthesis of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Strategies focus on material design and reaction conditions to enable sustainable, large-scale H2O2 production.

Keywords:
active sitescarbon-based catalystshydrogen peroxideselectivitytwo-electron oxygen reduction reaction

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Simple Methods for the Preparation of Non-noble Metal Bulk-electrodes for Electrocatalytic Applications
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Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles Supported on Carbon Nanotube with Doped Co and N Atoms and its Catalytic Applications in Hydrogen Production
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Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Green Chemistry

Background:

  • Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a vital industrial oxidant.
  • Traditional H2O2 production is energy-intensive.
  • Electrosynthesis offers a greener alternative.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review strategies for optimizing carbon-based catalysts for H2O2 electrosynthesis.
  • To highlight advances in carbon-based hybrid catalysts.
  • To analyze factors influencing H2O2 selectivity.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive review of literature on carbon-based catalysts for H2O2 production.
  • Analysis of active sites and heteroatom doping effects.
  • Summary of interface engineering and kinetic improvement methods.

Main Results:

  • Carbon-based materials are effective catalysts for the 2e- oxygen reduction reaction.
  • Coordination heteroatom doping influences H2O2 selectivity.
  • Functional group design and electrolyte pH are critical for efficiency.

Conclusions:

  • Optimizing carbon-based catalysts is key for efficient H2O2 electrosynthesis.
  • Further research needed on catalyst design and reactor engineering for commercialization.
  • Electrosynthesis presents a sustainable pathway for H2O2 production.