Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Introduction to Virus01:28

Introduction to Virus

458
Viruses are unique biological entities that blur the boundary between living and non-living systems. Although they lack cellular structure and metabolic processes, they can exhibit characteristics of life when infecting a host. Their defining feature is a nucleic acid core, composed of either DNA or RNA, encapsulated within a protein coat called a capsid. This simple structure allows them to invade host cells and use their machinery for replication efficiently.Viral Structure and...
458
Viruses with RNA Genomes01:29

Viruses with RNA Genomes

246
RNA viruses are categorized into positive-strand, negative-strand, or double-stranded groups based on their genomic structure and replication mechanisms. This classification dictates how they exploit host cellular machinery for protein synthesis and replication. Some RNA viruses also utilize reverse transcription as part of their life cycle, further diversifying their replication strategies.Positive-Strand RNA VirusesPositive-strand RNA viruses have genomes that function directly as messenger...
246
Retrovirus Life Cycles01:10

Retrovirus Life Cycles

47.7K
Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the...
47.7K
What are Viruses?00:50

What are Viruses?

120.7K
Overview
120.7K
Retroviruses02:33

Retroviruses

13.0K
Retroviruses and retrotransposons both insert copies of their genetic elements into the genome of the host cell. Thus, the viral genes are passed on when the host genome is replicated or translated. A typical retroviral DNA sequence contains 3-4 genes that encode the different proteins required for its structural assembly and function as a molecular parasite. This DNA is transcribed into a single mRNA, which is very similar in structure to conventional mRNAs, i.e., it is capped at the 5’...
13.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Diversity and disparity are decoupled in the most ecomorphologically diverse rodent radiation.

Evolution; international journal of organic evolution·2026
Same author

A scalable exemplar-based method for aligning biological taxonomies.

Biodiversity data journal·2026
Same author

The Basic Reproduction Number for Petri Net Models: A Next-Generation Matrix Approach.

Applied sciences (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

BatLog: open-source passive integrated transponder (PIT) tag logger for wildlife behavioral studies.

Integrative and comparative biology·2026
Same author

Geographic differentiation of ectoparasitic flatworms in the pelagic zone of Lake Tanganyika, Africa.

Frontiers in zoology·2026
Same author

Predicting Valley Fever Outbreaks: Novel Mechanistic Models Incorporating Climate and Ecological Interactions.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 19, 2025

Protocols for Investigating the Host-tissue Distribution, Transmission-mode, and Effect on the Host Fitness of a Densovirus in the Cotton Bollworm
11:12

Protocols for Investigating the Host-tissue Distribution, Transmission-mode, and Effect on the Host Fitness of a Densovirus in the Cotton Bollworm

Published on: April 12, 2017

8.7K

Liberating host-virus knowledge from biological dark data.

Nathan S Upham1, Jorrit H Poelen2, Deborah Paul3

  • 1School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.

The Lancet. Planetary Health
|September 25, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pandemic lockdowns revealed the issue of biological dark data, hindering SARS-CoV-2 research. Solutions include interconnecting published data and shifting to digital knowledge networks for better zoonotic disease prediction.

More Related Videos

Dissecting Host-virus Interaction in Lytic Replication of a Model Herpesvirus
11:28

Dissecting Host-virus Interaction in Lytic Replication of a Model Herpesvirus

Published on: October 7, 2011

11.2K
Arbovirus Infections As Screening Tools for the Identification of Viral Immunomodulators and Host Antiviral Factors
06:02

Arbovirus Infections As Screening Tools for the Identification of Viral Immunomodulators and Host Antiviral Factors

Published on: September 13, 2018

7.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 19, 2025

Protocols for Investigating the Host-tissue Distribution, Transmission-mode, and Effect on the Host Fitness of a Densovirus in the Cotton Bollworm
11:12

Protocols for Investigating the Host-tissue Distribution, Transmission-mode, and Effect on the Host Fitness of a Densovirus in the Cotton Bollworm

Published on: April 12, 2017

8.7K
Dissecting Host-virus Interaction in Lytic Replication of a Model Herpesvirus
11:28

Dissecting Host-virus Interaction in Lytic Replication of a Model Herpesvirus

Published on: October 7, 2011

11.2K
Arbovirus Infections As Screening Tools for the Identification of Viral Immunomodulators and Host Antiviral Factors
06:02

Arbovirus Infections As Screening Tools for the Identification of Viral Immunomodulators and Host Antiviral Factors

Published on: September 13, 2018

7.0K

Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Virology
  • Data Science

Background:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted challenges in accessing ecological and taxonomic data for zoonotic disease research.
  • Pandemic lockdowns restricted researchers' access to vital offline data, exacerbating the problem of 'biological dark data'.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To address the issue of disconnected biological data hindering high-throughput analysis of host-pathogen interactions.
  • To propose solutions for improving data accessibility and integration for understanding zoonotic disease emergence.

Main Methods:

  • Interconnecting published data on host organisms, viruses, and pathogens.
  • Advocating for a shift from unstructured text (PDFs) to structured, labeled digital knowledge networks.

Main Results:

  • Identified biological dark data as a significant barrier to understanding virus emergence and spread.
  • Proposed two solutions to improve data accessibility and analytical capabilities.

Conclusions:

  • Connecting ecological and taxonomic data is crucial for predicting and managing zoonotic diseases.
  • Developing digital knowledge graphs of host-pathogen interactions will enhance our ability to identify reservoirs of novel zoonoses and strengthen global health systems.