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Related Concept Videos

Modeling in Therapy01:26

Modeling in Therapy

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Modeling, a key technique in therapy, uses observational learning to help clients acquire and practice new skills by watching therapists demonstrate desired behaviors. This approach, rooted in Albert Bandura's concept of vicarious learning, plays a significant role in therapeutic interventions for various psychological conditions, including social anxiety, ADHD, and depression.
Participant Modeling
Participant modeling involves therapists demonstrating calm and effective behaviors in...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 19, 2025

Author Spotlight: Development of a Standardized Acupuncture Tool Inspired by Advanced Techniques for Improved Safety and Precision
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A collaborative experiential problem-solving approach to develop shams for complex physical interventions: a case

Felicity A Braithwaite1, Julie L Walters1, G Lorimer Moseley1

  • 1IIMPACT in Health, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide 5001, South Australia, Australia.

Physiotherapy
|September 26, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Developing credible sham interventions for physiotherapy trials is challenging. This study introduced a novel workshop approach to create and test blinding protocols for dry needling, improving effectiveness.

Keywords:
BlindingClinical trialsDry needlingPlaceboShamWorkshop

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Area of Science:

  • Physiotherapy
  • Clinical Trials
  • Blinding Methodologies

Background:

  • Complex physical interventions in physiotherapy trials often lack credible sham procedures, questioning result validity.
  • Developing effective sham interventions is crucial for robust clinical trial design.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and test novel blinding protocols for dry needling, a complex physical intervention.
  • To address the difficulty in creating credible shams for physiotherapy interventions.

Main Methods:

  • A three-day workshop utilizing Participatory Action Research principles with multidisciplinary experts.
  • Iterative development and testing of 11 blinding protocols involving 22 blinding strategies with healthy volunteers and physiotherapists.

Main Results:

  • Experts identified 18 blinding strategies with high potential, categorized into knowledge, interaction, disinformation, and sensation.
  • Blinding effectiveness for both recipients and therapists improved throughout the protocol development process.

Conclusions:

  • The novel workshop approach shows promise for developing credible sham interventions in physiotherapy, specifically for dry needling.
  • This methodology represents a significant step towards overcoming the challenges of simultaneous recipient and therapist blinding in complex interventions.