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Updated: Oct 19, 2025

Waste Water Derived Electroactive Microbial Biofilms: Growth, Maintenance, and Basic Characterization
Published on: December 29, 2013
Application of lead oxide electrodes in wastewater treatment: A review
Qingqing Zhou1, Xule Zhou1, Ruihao Zheng1
1College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China.
Abstract:
Electrochemical oxidation (EO) based on hydroxyl radicals (·OH) generated on lead dioxide has become a typical advanced oxidation process (AOP). Titanium-based lead dioxide electrodes (PbO2/Ti) play an increasingly important role in EO. To further improve the efficiency, the structure and properties of the lead dioxide active surface layer can be modified by doping transition metals, rare earth metals, nonmetals, etc. Here, we compare the common preparation methods of lead dioxide. The EO performance of lead dioxide in wastewater containing dyes, pesticides, drugs, landfill leachate, coal, petrochemicals, etc., is discussed along with their suitable operating conditions. Finally, the factors influencing the contaminant removal kinetics on lead dioxide are systematically analysed.
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