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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 19, 2025

Chronic Stress Shifts Effort-Related Choice Behavior in a Y-Maze Barrier Task in Mice
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Why stress and hunger both increase and decrease prosocial behaviour.

Nadira S Faber1, Jan A Häusser2

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Exeter, UK & Oxford Uehiro Centre for Practical Ethics, University of Oxford, UK.

Current Opinion in Psychology
|September 26, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Suboptimal states like stress and hunger do not consistently change prosocial behavior. Instead, people flexibly adapt their behavior to social incentives to meet their needs.

Keywords:
HungerImpairmentProsocial behaviourProsocialityStress

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Behavioral Economics

Background:

  • Humans frequently experience suboptimal psychophysiological states, such as acute stress and hunger.
  • Existing research presents conflicting predictions regarding the impact of these states on prosocial behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To reconcile opposing theoretical predictions on how stress and hunger affect prosociality.
  • To investigate the empirical evidence for stress and hunger's influence on prosocial behavior.

Main Methods:

  • Review of theoretical frameworks predicting effects of impairments on prosociality.
  • Analysis of empirical studies examining acute stress and acute hunger.

Main Results:

  • Neither acute stress nor acute hunger consistently increases or decreases prosocial behavior.
  • Behavioral outcomes appear flexible and situation-dependent rather than uniformly altered by these states.

Conclusions:

  • Prosocial behavior under suboptimal conditions is not fixed but flexibly adjusted based on situational incentives.
  • Individuals' responses are guided by the potential for need fulfillment, leading to either prosocial or egoistic actions.