Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Physical Properties of Amines

Physical Properties of Amines

Amines with low molecular weight are usually gaseous at room temperature, while those with high molecular weight are liquid or solids in nature. Usually, low molecular weight amines have a rotten fish-like smell. Diamines typically have a pungent smell. For instance, cadaverine and putrescine, depicted in Figure 1, are two molecules responsible for decaying tissue.

Basicity of Heterocyclic Aromatic Amines

Basicity of Heterocyclic Aromatic Amines

Heterocyclic amines, where the N atom is a part of an alicyclic system, are similar in basicity to alkylamines. Interestingly, the heterocyclic amine having a nitrogen atom as part of an aromatic ring has much less basicity than its corresponding alicyclic counterpart. For this reason, as presented in Figure 1, piperidine (pKb = 2.8) is significantly more basic than pyridine (pKb = 8.8).

Direct-Acting Cholinergic Agonists: Chemistry and Structure-Activity Relationship

Direct-Acting Cholinergic Agonists: Chemistry and Structure-Activity Relationship

Cholinergic agonists or cholinomimetics mimic the action of acetylcholine to stimulate the parasympathetic nervous system. They are categorized into direct-acting and indirect-acting agents. The direct-acting cholinergic drugs induce the parasympathetic response by directly binding to the muscarinic or nicotine receptors. In comparison, the indirect-acting cholinergic drugs prevent acetylcholine hydrolysis, indirectly contributing to the extended parasympathetic response.
The direct-acting...

Anoxygenic Phototrophic Bacteria

Anoxygenic Phototrophic Bacteria

Anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria are a diverse group of microorganisms that perform photosynthesis without producing oxygen. They primarily include purple sulfur bacteria, purple nonsulfur bacteria, green sulfur bacteria, and green nonsulfur bacteria. These bacteria are classified into the Gammaproteobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Chlorobi, and Chloroflexi lineages, each with distinct physiological and ecological adaptations.Purple sulfur bacteria belong to the...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Antibacterial Activity of Extract, Fractions, and Compounds from <i>Termitomyces clypeatus</i> R. Heim (Lyophyllaceae) Against Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria Overexpressing Efflux Pumps.

Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)·2026

Same author

A Total Synthesis of (-)-Strychnine Using Photoredox Catalysis.

JACS Au·2026

Same author

Electrochemical One-Step Synthesis of Alkyne Sulfonates and Sulfonamides: Building Blocks for Highly Substituted Alkenes and 1,3-Butadienes.

JACS Au·2025

Same author

Surface Density of Mono- and Trivalent High-Mannan-Derived Targeting Structures with Different Affinities Impacts Cellular Uptake of Human Serum Albumin-Derived Nanocarriers.

Biomacromolecules·2025

Same author

Polyoxygenated Stigmastane-Type Steroids from the Whole Plant of <i>Vernonia glabra</i> (Steetz) Vatke (Asteraceae) and Their Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activities.

Journal of natural products·2025

Same author

Allantofuranone Biosynthesis and Precursor-Directed Mutasynthesis of Hydroxylated Analogues.

Journal of natural products·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 19, 2025

Source and Route of Pyrrolizidine Alkaloid Contamination in Tea Samples

Source and Route of Pyrrolizidine Alkaloid Contamination in Tea Samples

Published on: September 28, 2022

Marine Pyrrole Alkaloids.

Kevin Seipp¹, Leander Geske¹, Till Opatz¹

¹Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry Section, Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany.

|September 26, 2021

Summary

Marine pyrrole alkaloids are vital natural products with diverse biological activities. This review summarizes their isolation, synthesis, and applications from 2010-2020, highlighting key structural subclasses.

Keywords:

alkaloids bromopyrroles marine natural products nitrogen heterocycles pyrrole-aminoimidazole alkaloids pyrrole-imidazole alkaloids pyrroles

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Discovering New Alkaloids in Plants with Advanced Mass Spectrometry Techniques

Author Spotlight: Discovering New Alkaloids in Plants with Advanced Mass Spectrometry Techniques

Published on: March 8, 2024

Synthesis of pH Dependent Pyrazole, Imidazole, and Isoindolone Dipyrrinone Fluorophores using a Claisen-Schmidt Condensation Approach

Synthesis of pH Dependent Pyrazole, Imidazole, and Isoindolone Dipyrrinone Fluorophores using a Claisen-Schmidt Condensation Approach

Published on: June 10, 2021

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 19, 2025

Source and Route of Pyrrolizidine Alkaloid Contamination in Tea Samples

Source and Route of Pyrrolizidine Alkaloid Contamination in Tea Samples

Published on: September 28, 2022

Author Spotlight: Discovering New Alkaloids in Plants with Advanced Mass Spectrometry Techniques

Author Spotlight: Discovering New Alkaloids in Plants with Advanced Mass Spectrometry Techniques

Published on: March 8, 2024

Synthesis of pH Dependent Pyrazole, Imidazole, and Isoindolone Dipyrrinone Fluorophores using a Claisen-Schmidt Condensation Approach

Synthesis of pH Dependent Pyrazole, Imidazole, and Isoindolone Dipyrrinone Fluorophores using a Claisen-Schmidt Condensation Approach

Published on: June 10, 2021

Area of Science:

Marine natural products chemistry
Organic chemistry
Medicinal chemistry

Background:

Nitrogen heterocycles are fundamental to life and found in diverse environments.
Marine ecosystems are rich sources of unique natural products, including alkaloids.
Pyrrole alkaloids represent a significant class of marine natural products known for their biological relevance.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide a comprehensive review of marine pyrrole alkaloids.
To focus on advancements in isolation, biological activities, chemical synthesis, and derivatization.
To cover the period from 2010 to 2020, categorizing structural subclasses.

Main Methods:

Literature review of scientific publications from 2010-2020.
Systematic compilation of reported marine pyrrole alkaloids.
Analysis of isolation techniques, biological assays, and synthetic strategies.

Main Results:

Detailed overview of various marine pyrrole alkaloid structures and their sources.
Summary of identified biological activities, including antimicrobial, anticancer, and antiviral properties.
Compilation of synthetic routes and derivatization studies for key compounds.

Conclusions:

Marine pyrrole alkaloids continue to be a prolific area of research.
Their diverse structures and potent bioactivities offer significant potential for drug discovery.
Further exploration and synthetic modification promise novel therapeutic agents.