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Updated: Oct 19, 2025

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Published on: July 7, 2022
Nectar Feeding by a Honey Bee's Hairy Tongue: Morphology, Dynamics, and Energy-Saving Strategies
Hao Wang1, Zhigang Wu1, Jieliang Zhao2
1School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
Abstract:
Most flower-visiting insects have evolved highly specialized morphological structures to facilitate nectar feeding. As a typical pollinator, the honey bee has specialized mouth parts comprised of a pair of galeae, a pair of labial palpi, and a glossa, to feed on the nectar by the feeding modes of lapping or sucking. To extensively elucidate the mechanism of a bee's feeding, we should combine the investigations from glossa morphology, feeding behaviour, and mathematical models. This paper reviews the interdisciplinary research on nectar feeding behaviour of honey bees ranging from morphology, dynamics, and energy-saving strategies, which may not only reveal the mechanism of nectar feeding by honey bees but inspire engineered facilities for microfluidic transport.
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