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Related Concept Videos

Toxic Reactions: Overview01:26

Toxic Reactions: Overview

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When toxic substances penetrate the human body, they disseminate to various tissues, undergoing metabolic changes. This process yields reactive metabolites that may covalently bind with specific target molecules, resulting in toxicity.
Toxicity falls into two primary categories: local and systemic.
Local toxicity appears at the exposure site, such as protein denaturation caused by caustic substances.
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Local Anesthetics: Adverse Effects01:12

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While local anesthetics are generally safe and well-tolerated, they can occasionally cause adverse effects that vary in severity. Local anesthetics can induce toxicity at two distinct levels. They can either produce local effects through direct contact with the neural elements or be absorbed into the bloodstream from the injection site, leading to systemic effects.
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Local Anesthetics: Differential Sensitivity of Nerve Fibers01:24

Local Anesthetics: Differential Sensitivity of Nerve Fibers

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Local anesthetics (LAs) block the sodium channels of nerve trunks, sensory nerve endings, and neuromuscular junctions. Although LAs can block all kinds of nerves, the sensitivity of nerve fibers differs according to nerve types and structures. LAs are known to block myelinated fibers faster than unmyelinated ones. Also, they block pain or sensory neurons at low concentrations without affecting the motor neurons involved in muscle contractions. This helps relieve labor pain without affecting the...
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Peripheral Nervous System: Ganglia and Nerves01:24

Peripheral Nervous System: Ganglia and Nerves

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The Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) is a crucial component of the body's neural network, extending beyond the central nervous system (CNS) to bridge the gap between the CNS and the external environment. It encompasses nerves, ganglia, and sensory receptors.
Nerves
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Disorders of the Nervous Tissue01:28

Disorders of the Nervous Tissue

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Nervous tissue is a vital component of the human body's communication system, enabling us to perceive and respond to stimuli. However, like all other tissues, it is vulnerable to disorders and diseases that can significantly impact our neurological functioning.
Homeostatic Imbalances:
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Types of Toxins01:36

Types of Toxins

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Humans continually engage with an environment rich in potentially harmful chemicals. These are introduced to our bodies through inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact. These chemicals exist in various forms, such as air and environmental pollutants, agricultural chemicals, organic solvents, and heavy metals.
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Updated: Oct 19, 2025

Nerve Excitability Assessment in Chemotherapy-induced Neurotoxicity
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Toxicity in Peripheral Nerves: An Overview.

Wolfgang Grisold1, Valentina Alda Carozzi2

  • 1Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental und Clinical Traumatology, Donaueschingenstraße 13, A-1200 Wien, Austria.

Toxics
|September 26, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This collection reviews toxic neuropathies, detailing various causes like drugs and heavy metals. It covers how these agents affect the nervous system and their resulting symptoms and mechanisms.

Keywords:
dorsal root gangliapathogenetic mechanismsperipheral nerveperipheral neuropathytoxic agents

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Last Updated: Oct 19, 2025

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Toxic neuropathies result from diverse agents including drugs, metals, pesticides, and venoms.
  • Exposure routes vary, including ingestion, skin contact, inhalation, and parenteral administration.
  • Common presentations include cumulative toxicities, alongside acute or delayed effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of toxic neuropathies.
  • To classify toxic agents and their mechanisms of neurotoxicity.
  • To detail clinical presentations and pathogenetic pathways.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on toxic neuropathies.
  • Categorization of neurotoxic agents based on source and properties.
  • Analysis of pathogenetic mechanisms and clinical manifestations.

Main Results:

  • Toxic agents induce axonal or demyelinating lesions, ion channel interference, and immune-mediated damage.
  • Neurotoxicity can manifest as demyelination, focal lesions, or small fiber damage.
  • Symmetric axonal neuropathies are the most frequent clinical presentation.

Conclusions:

  • Toxic neuropathies represent a significant clinical challenge with varied etiologies.
  • Understanding the diverse mechanisms is crucial for diagnosis and management.
  • This collection offers a unified perspective on toxic neuropathy.