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Using a Response Time-Based Expected A Posteriori Estimator to Control for Differential Speededness in Computerized

Justin L Kern1, Edison Choe2

  • 1University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA.

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|September 27, 2021
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Summary

This study introduces a new method, the joint expected a posteriori estimator (J-EAP), to improve computerized adaptive tests (CATs) by using response times. The J-EAP enhances ability estimation and test efficiency compared to traditional methods.

Keywords:
ability estimationcomputerized adaptive testingexpected a posterioriresponse times

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Area of Science:

  • Psychometrics
  • Educational Measurement
  • Cognitive Psychology

Background:

  • Computerized adaptive tests (CATs) traditionally rely on item responses for ability estimation.
  • Differential speededness, where examinees respond at different speeds, can bias ability estimates in CATs.
  • Incorporating response times (RTs) offers a potential avenue to improve CAT accuracy and efficiency.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate an extended procedure for the joint estimation of ability and speed parameters in CATs.
  • To introduce the joint expected a posteriori estimator (J-EAP) within van der Linden's hierarchical framework.
  • To assess the performance of J-EAP against standard maximum likelihood estimators (MLE) in terms of accuracy and efficiency.

Main Methods:

  • Developed the joint expected a posteriori estimator (J-EAP) for simultaneous estimation of ability and speed parameters.
  • Utilized van der Linden's hierarchical framework for the theoretical underpinnings of the J-EAP.
  • Employed simulation studies and a real data example to evaluate J-EAP's performance against MLE.

Main Results:

  • The J-EAP significantly outperformed the standard maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) in correlation, root mean square error, and bias for both ability and speededness.
  • Using J-EAP with the maximum information per time unit (MICT) item selection method further reduced average examinee test time and variability.
  • Estimation efficiency was maintained while achieving gains in speed and reducing test time variability.

Conclusions:

  • The J-EAP provides a more accurate and efficient method for ability estimation and item selection in CATs by incorporating response times.
  • This approach effectively controls for differential speededness, leading to more reliable measurement.
  • The findings suggest that integrating RTs into CATs using J-EAP is a promising advancement in educational and psychological measurement.