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Estimating Time From Atomic Clocks.

Richard H Jones1, Peter V Tryon1

  • 1National Bureau of Standards, Boulder, CO 80303.

Journal of Research of the National Bureau of Standards (1977)
|September 27, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new Kalman recursive algorithm accurately estimates time from atomic clocks, allowing dynamic clock adjustments and error correction for precise timekeeping. This method ensures reliable time synchronization in complex clock ensembles.

Keywords:
Kalman recursionatomic clocksmaximum likelihood estimationmissing observationsnonliner estimationstate spacetime series analysisunequally spaced data

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Area of Science:

  • Atomic clock synchronization
  • Timekeeping algorithms
  • Recursive estimation

Background:

  • Accurate timekeeping is crucial for scientific and technological applications.
  • Ensembles of atomic clocks offer enhanced stability and accuracy.
  • Existing methods for time estimation from clock ensembles may lack flexibility.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a flexible and robust algorithm for time estimation from atomic clock ensembles.
  • To incorporate automatic error detection and correction capabilities.
  • To provide statistical measures for parameter estimation.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a Kalman recursive algorithm for time estimation.
  • Utilizing time differences between clocks as observations.
  • Handling unequally spaced time points and dynamic clock ensemble changes (addition/deletion).
  • Application of maximum likelihood estimation for parameter determination.

Main Results:

  • The algorithm successfully estimates time from atomic clock ensembles.
  • It supports dynamic addition or deletion of clocks without recalibration.
  • Automatic error detection and correction mechanisms are integrated.
  • Maximum likelihood estimates with confidence intervals and hypothesis tests are provided.

Conclusions:

  • The developed Kalman algorithm offers a robust and adaptable solution for atomic clock time estimation.
  • It enhances the reliability and accuracy of timekeeping systems.
  • The algorithm is practical and has been implemented on a PDP 11/70 system.