COMPARISON OF HEMOSTASIS WITH TRANEXAMIC ACID IN TOTAL KNEE ARTHROPLASTY

Area of Science:

• Orthopedic Surgery
• Pharmacology
• Hematology

Background:

• Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is associated with significant blood loss.
• Managing perioperative bleeding is crucial for patient outcomes.
• Tranexamic acid (TXA) is an antifibrinolytic agent used to reduce bleeding.

Purpose of the Study:

• To compare the efficacy and safety of intravenous (IV) TXA versus topical TXA in unilateral primary TKA.
• To evaluate the impact of TXA administration routes on blood loss and complications.

Main Methods:

• A comparative study involving three groups (14 patients each) undergoing unilateral primary TKA.
• Group 1: Standard bleeding control measures.
• Group 2: Topical TXA application.
• Group 3: Intravenous TXA administration.
• Blood loss and hematological parameters (Hemoglobin, Hematocrit, Platelets) were assessed pre- and post-operatively.

Main Results:

• All groups showed a decrease in hemoglobin, hematocrit, and platelet counts post-surgery, with no significant inter-group differences.
• Intravenous TXA administration resulted in a statistically significant lower mean volume of drained blood compared to topical TXA and standard care.
• No adverse effects or thromboembolic events were reported in patients receiving TXA.

Conclusions:

• Intravenous TXA demonstrates superior efficacy in reducing blood loss during TKA compared to topical application.
• The use of intravenous TXA in TKA is safe and does not elevate the risk of thromboembolic complications.