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Aortic wall elasticity and left ventricular function in hypertensive patients with nonsignificant coronary artery

Maryam Nabati1, Shojaoddin Namazi2, Jamshid Yazdani3

  • 1Department of cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.

Ultrasound (Leeds, England)
|September 27, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Hypertension is linked to early signs of heart dysfunction and increased arterial stiffness. These changes, seen even without coronary artery disease, may indicate future adverse outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Vascular Medicine
  • Hypertension Research

Background:

  • Hypertension is a primary cause of non-ischemic heart failure.
  • Early detection of subclinical left ventricular dysfunction in hypertensive patients is crucial for preventing disease progression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between left ventricular function indices and aortic stiffness in hypertensive individuals.
  • To identify early markers of cardiovascular risk in patients with hypertension.

Main Methods:

  • A case-control study involving 42 hypertensive and 40 normotensive patients with non-significant coronary artery disease.
  • Echocardiography and aortic elasticity/stiffness measurements were performed.
  • Key parameters assessed included left ventricular ejection fraction, global longitudinal strain, E/e' ratio, and early diastolic mitral annular velocity (e').

Main Results:

  • Hypertensive patients exhibited higher body mass index and E/e' ratio, alongside lower e' velocity compared to normotensive controls.
  • Aortic distensibility was reduced, and aortic stiffness index was elevated in the hypertensive group.
  • Unlike normotensive individuals, hypertensive patients showed no significant association between aortic elasticity/stiffness and age or e' velocity.

Conclusions:

  • Hypertension is frequently associated with diastolic dysfunction, elevated left ventricular filling pressures, and increased arterial stiffness.
  • These findings suggest potential age-independent mechanisms contributing to cardiovascular risk in hypertensive patients.
  • The observed alterations highlight the need for proactive management of hypertension to mitigate risks of adverse cardiovascular events.
Abstract

Keywords:
Aortic stiffnessdiastoleechocardiographyhypertensionsystole

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