Related Experiment Video
Updated: Oct 19, 2025

Project-Based Learning Guidelines for Health Sciences Students: An Analysis with Data Mining and Qualitative Techniques
Published on: December 9, 2022
Evaluating and implementing an opportunity for diversity and inclusion in case-based learning
Sylvie Bowden1, Abirami Kirubarajan1, Amira Balbaa2
1MD Program, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Abstract:
Problem-based learning (PBL) and case-based learning (CBL) often mention social identities only if this information is directly relevant to diagnosis, which can inadvertently perpetuate stereotypes in trainee learning. Using a student-developed resource entitled "Portraying Social Identities in Medical Curriculum: A Primer," we analyzed cases for social identities, identified gaps, and proposed changes, including use of a validated name bank to reflect diversity as represented by local census data. Through this innovation, suggestions were provided to represent the social determinants of health in CBL cases. Other medical schools can use our innovation to improve the social diversity of their medical curriculums.
Related Concept Videos
Case Studies
Cognitive Learning
E. C. Tolman's theory of purposive behavior emphasizes that much behavior is goal-directed. He argued that to understand behavior, we must look at the entire sequence of actions leading to a goal. For instance, high school students study hard, not just due to past reinforcement but also to achieve the goal of getting into a good college.
Tolman introduced the idea that behavior is influenced by...
Impact of Individuals on a Group
Halo Effect
Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination
Strategies for Assessing and Addressing Confounding
Confounding can be addressed at both the design phase of a study and through analytical methods after data...

