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Foraging efficiency in temporally predictable environments: is a long-term temporal memory really advantageous?

Benjamin Robira1, Simon Benhamou1, Shelly Masi2

  • 1Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, Université de Montpellier and CNRS, Montpellier, France.

Royal Society Open Science
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This summary is machine-generated.

Animals use temporal cognition to find food. Simulations show long-term temporal memory offers benefits only when predicting future environmental changes, not for daily foraging.

Keywords:
agent-based modelephemeral resourcespredictabilitysearch behavioursynchronytemporal availability

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Area of Science:

  • Behavioral Ecology
  • Cognitive Ecology
  • Animal Behavior

Background:

  • Animals often rely on ephemeral, renewable resources.
  • Natural selection may favor cognitive abilities to predict resource availability.
  • The precise benefits of temporal information processing in foraging remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the foraging efficiency of different temporal memory strategies.
  • To evaluate the impact of environmental predictability and heterogeneity on foraging success.
  • To determine when long-term temporal memory provides an advantage over short-term memory.

Main Methods:

  • Computer simulations of foragers with sampling, chronological, or associative memory.
  • Comparison with non-cognitive and perfectly prescient foragers.
  • Testing in spatially and temporally homogeneous/heterogeneous environments.

Main Results:

  • All temporal memory foragers outperformed non-cognitive foragers in predictable environments.
  • Foraging efficiency increased with temporal heterogeneity for all memory types.
  • Chronological memory was up to 1.16x more efficient, associative memory up to 1.14x less efficient than sampling memory.

Conclusions:

  • Short-term sampling memory is sufficient for most daily foraging tasks.
  • Long-term temporal memory may be advantageous in contexts requiring anticipation of future environmental changes.
  • The evolution of complex temporal cognition likely depends on specific ecological pressures.