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How single-cell immunology is benefiting from microfluidic technologies.

Fabien C Jammes1, Sebastian J Maerkl1

  • 1Institute of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.

Microsystems & Nanoengineering
|September 27, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Microfluidics enables precise, high-throughput single-cell analysis in immunology. This technology overcomes limitations of bulk methods, offering new insights into immune cell dynamics and interactions for research and medicine.

Keywords:
EngineeringNanoscience and technology

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Microfluidics
  • Single-cell analysis

Background:

  • The immune system's complexity and dysregulation underlie diseases like allergies, autoimmunity, and cancer.
  • Conventional bulk methods obscure crucial details of immune cell interactions.
  • Understanding immune cell dynamics requires single-cell resolution and spatio-temporal control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review state-of-the-art microfluidic techniques for single-cell immunology.
  • To highlight the advantages and limitations of microfluidics in studying immune systems.
  • To provide an outlook on future single-cell technologies in immunology research and medicine.

Main Methods:

  • Microfluidic systems for precise control of femto- to nanoliter volumes.
  • Engineering of device geometries, surface chemistry, and flow for defined microenvironments.
  • High-throughput measurement capabilities for complex biological systems.

Main Results:

  • Microfluidics enables spatio-temporal control for single-cell studies.
  • Applications include single-cell genomics, cell signaling, cell-cell interactions, and cell migration.
  • Microfluidic devices facilitate in-depth analysis of complex immune responses.

Conclusions:

  • Microfluidics is a powerful tool for advancing single-cell immunology.
  • It offers significant advantages over traditional methods for studying immune cell behavior.
  • Future developments promise further integration of single-cell technologies in immunology and medicine.