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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 19, 2025

A Microfluidic Device for Quantifying Bacterial Chemotaxis in Stable Concentration Gradients
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3D microfluidic gradient generator for combination antimicrobial susceptibility testing.

Eric Sweet1,2, Brenda Yang2,3, Joshua Chen2,3

  • 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.

Microsystems & Nanoengineering
|September 27, 2021
PubMed
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This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a 3D-printed microfluidic device for advanced antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST). This innovation enables simultaneous testing of multiple drug combinations to combat antimicrobial resistance (AMR).

Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Microfluidics
  • Antimicrobial Resistance Research

Background:

  • Conventional microfluidic concentration gradient generators (µ-CGGs) are limited to 2D fluidic routing, restricting antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) to two drugs.
  • Antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) infections necessitate advanced methods for evaluating drug efficacy and combinations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a novel 3D microfluidic concentration gradient generator (µ-CGG) capable of multidrug gradient generation.
  • To assess the utility of the 3D µ-CGG platform for combination drug screening (CDS) against antibiotic-resistant bacteria.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a Multijet-3D-printed microchannel network for three-dimensional fluidic routing.
  • Theoretical simulations and experimental validation of the 3D µ-CGG's gradient generation capabilities.
Keywords:
ChemistryEngineering

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  • Antimicrobial testing of tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, and amikacin using single-drug and combination assays against *Escherichia coli*.

    • Main Results:

    • Successful generation of symmetric multidrug concentration gradients using the 3D µ-CGG prototype.
    • Quantification of gradient characteristics through simulations and experimental data.
    • Evaluation of antimicrobial effects, including minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and combination drug screening (CDS) results.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed 3D µ-CGG overcomes the limitations of 2D systems, enabling the simultaneous testing of multiple antimicrobial drugs.
    • This platform shows significant potential for accelerating combination AST and aiding in the development of effective treatments for AMR infections.
    • The 3D µ-CGG facilitates rapid screening for various biomedical and diagnostic applications.