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Related Concept Videos

Viscosity01:17

Viscosity

6.4K
When water is poured into a glass, it falls freely and quickly, whereas if honey or maple syrup is poured over a pancake, it flows slowly and sticks to the surface of the container. This difference in the flow of different kinds of liquids arises due to the fluid friction between the liquid layers and the liquid and the surrounding material. This property of fluids is called fluid viscosity. In this example, water has a lower viscosity than honey and maple syrup.
The SI unit of viscosity is...
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Steady, Laminar Flow in Circular Tubes01:23

Steady, Laminar Flow in Circular Tubes

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Hagen-Poiseuille flow describes a viscous fluid's steady, incompressible flow through a cylindrical tube with a constant radius R. This flow profile is often applied to understand fluid transport in narrow channels, such as capillaries. It serves as a foundational example of laminar flow. In this model, cylindrical coordinates (r,θ,z) are used to describe the radial (r), angular (θ), and axial (z) dimensions within the tube. For Hagen-Poiseuille flow, the velocity profile is...
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Laminar Flow01:27

Laminar Flow

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Laminar flow represents a smooth, orderly fluid motion where particles move along parallel paths, resulting in minimal mixing between layers. Streamlined particle paths characterize this flow regime and occur under conditions where viscous forces dominate over inertial forces. The distinction between laminar, transitional, and turbulent flow is primarily determined by the Reynolds number, a dimensionless quantity calculated as:
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Newtonian Fluid: Problem Solving01:18

Newtonian Fluid: Problem Solving

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Newtonian fluids exhibit a constant viscosity, meaning their shear stress and shear strain rate are directly proportional. This property ensures a predictable and stable response to applied forces, maintaining a linear relationship between force and flow. Examples include water, air, and light oils, consistently demonstrating this proportional behavior regardless of external conditions.
A velocity gradient forms within the fluid when a Newtonian fluid is placed between two parallel plates, with...
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Updated: Oct 19, 2025

The Diffusion of Passive Tracers in Laminar Shear Flow
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Eliminating viscosity bias in lateral flow tests.

Daniel M Kainz1,2, Bastian J Breiner2, Susanna M Früh1,2

  • 1Laboratory for MEMS Applications, IMTEK - Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany.

Microsystems & Nanoengineering
|September 27, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Centrifugal microfluidics control flow in lateral flow tests, eliminating viscosity bias. This innovation ensures consistent assay results across a wide range of sample viscosities, improving point-of-care diagnostics.

Keywords:
EngineeringPhysics

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Area of Science:

  • Microfluidics
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • Point-of-care lateral flow tests are widely used but susceptible to viscosity-dependent assay results.
  • This viscosity bias presents a significant challenge for accurate and reliable diagnostic outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a method for eliminating viscosity dependence in lateral flow tests.
  • To achieve viscosity-independent sample flow rates in microfluidic lateral flow assay devices.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized centrifugal microfluidic flow control to regulate sample movement through the nitrocellulose membrane.
  • Balanced incoming sample flow with outgoing air flow within the lateral flow test cassette.
  • Tested flow rates across a broad viscosity range (1.1 mPas to 24 mPas).

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated a viscosity-independent flow rate of 3.01 ± 0.18 µl/min (±6%) for samples with over a 20-fold viscosity difference.
  • Reduced signal-intensity shifts in a model human IgG lateral flow assay by over 84% when varying viscosity from 1.1 mPas to 2.3 mPas.

Conclusions:

  • Centrifugal microfluidic flow control effectively eliminates viscosity bias in lateral flow tests.
  • This approach significantly enhances the reliability and accuracy of point-of-care diagnostic assays.