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Updated: Oct 19, 2025

Injectable Supramolecular Polymer-Nanoparticle Hydrogels for Cell and Drug Delivery Applications
Published on: February 7, 2021
Ropivacaine-Loaded Poloxamer Binary Hydrogels for Prolonged Regional Anesthesia: Structural Aspects,
Kelli Cristina Freitas Mariano1, Juliana Zampoli Boava Papini2, Naially Cardoso de Faria3
1Human and Natural Sciences Center, Federal University of ABC, Santo André, SP, Brazil.
Abstract:
This study reports the development of thermosensitive hydrogels for delivering ropivacaine (RVC), a wide clinically used local anesthetic. For this purpose, poloxamer- (PL-) based hydrogels were synthesized for evaluating the influence of polymer concentration, hydrophilic-lipophilic balances, and binary system formation on biopharmaceutical properties and pharmacological performance. Transition temperatures were shifted, and rheological analysis revealed a viscoelastic behavior with enhanced elastic/viscous modulus relationship (G'/G " = 1.8 to 22 times), according to hydrogel composition and RVC incorporation. The RVC release from PL407 and PL407/338 systems followed the Higuchi model (R 2 = 0.923-0.989), indicating the drug diffusion from hydrogels to the medium. RVC-PL hydrogels were potentially biocompatible evoking low cytotoxic effects (in fibroblasts and Schwann cells) and mild/moderate inflammation signs on sciatic nerve nearby histological evaluation. In vivo pharmacological assays demonstrated that PL407 and PL407/338 evoked differential analgesic effects, by prolonging the sensory blockade duration up to ~340 and 250 min., respectively. All those results highlighted PL407 and PL407/338 as promising new strategies for sustaining analgesic effects during the postoperative period.
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