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Updated: Oct 19, 2025
Author Spotlight: Exploring the Impact of Reduced Resistance Exercise Volume on Metabolic Health
Published on: December 1, 2023
Effects of Non-periodized and Linear Periodized Combined Exercise Training on Insulin Resistance Indicators in Adults
Anne Ribeiro Streb1,2, Larissa Dos Santos Leonel3, Rodrigo Sudatti Delevatti3
1Department of Physical Education, Research Center in Physical Activity and Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil. tina.anne@hotmail.com.
Background:
The aim was to verify the effect of non-periodized and linear periodized combined (aerobic plus resistance) exercise training on insulin resistance markers in adults with obesity.
Methods:
A blinded randomized control trial was conducted with three groups of individuals with obesity (BMI, 30-39.9 kg/m2): control group (CG, n = 23), non-periodized group (NG, n = 23), and linear periodized group (PG, n = 23). The NG and PG performed aerobic and resistance exercises in the same session in aerobic-resistance order for 16 weeks. Both intervention groups trained three sessions weekly, with a total duration of 60 min each. The aerobic training of the NG had a duration of 30 min always between 50% and 59% of the reserve heart rate (HRres), while resistance exercise was comprised of 6 exercises, performed always in 2 × 10-12 maximum repetitions (MRs). The PG progressed the aerobic and resistance training from 40%-49% to 60%-69% (HRres) and from 2 × 12-14 to 2 × 8-10 RM, respectively, along the intervention period. The evaluated indicators of insulin resistance included fasting glucose, fasting insulin, and homeostasis model assessment-estimated insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) collected pre- and post-intervention. The analyses to verify the exercise training effect were performed using generalized estimating equations.
Results:
After 16 weeks of training, per protocol analysis (n = 39) showed significant reductions in HOMA-IR only in the training groups (NG: Δ = - 1.6, PG: Δ = - 0.6; p = 0.094). Intention-to-treat analysis demonstrated significant reductions in fasting insulin levels (NG: Δ = - 1.4, PG: Δ = - 1.0; p = 0.004) and HOMA-IR (NG: Δ = - 5.5, PG: Δ = - 3.8; p = 0.002).
Conclusion:
Periodized and non-periodized combined exercise training similarly reduces insulin resistance markers in adults with obesity.
Trial Registration:
Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials, RBR-3c7rt3. Registered 07 February 2019- https://ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/trial/5970/1 .
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