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Pathogen effectors: What do they do at plasmodesmata?

Arya Bagus Boedi Iswanto1, Minh Huy Vu1, Sharon Pike2

  • 1Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea.

Molecular Plant Pathology
|September 27, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Plant pathogens like fungi and bacteria use effector proteins to manipulate plasmodesmata (PD), the channels for cell-to-cell communication. This research highlights how these effectors exploit PD to overcome plant defenses.

Keywords:
bacterial effectorsfungal effectorshost defence mechanismplant immune responseplasmodesmata

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Pathology
  • Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Plants face significant biotic stress from pathogens, impacting growth and development.
  • Pathogens employ effector proteins to disrupt host defenses and facilitate infection.
  • Plasmodesmata (PD), crucial for cell-to-cell communication, are emerging targets for pathogen effectors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize recent advancements in understanding fungal, oomycete, and bacterial effectors targeting plasmodesmata (PD).
  • To elucidate the mechanisms by which pathogen effectors interfere with host defense at PD.
  • To highlight the cell-to-cell movement of bacterial effectors via PD.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on PD-associated pathogen effectors.
  • Analysis of effector protein localization and function at plasmodesmata.
  • Discussion of host defense modulation by pathogen effectors.

Main Results:

  • Fungal, oomycete, and bacterial pathogens target plasmodesmata (PD) using effector proteins.
  • Unlike viruses, fungal and bacterial effectors at PD are less studied but increasingly recognized.
  • Bacterial effectors have been shown to move cell-to-cell through PD, aiding pathogen spread.

Conclusions:

  • Pathogen effectors play a critical role in manipulating PD for successful infection.
  • Further research is needed to fully understand the diversity and mechanisms of fungal/bacterial effectors at PD.
  • Targeting PD regulation offers potential strategies for enhancing plant disease resistance.