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Mindfulness training may help smokers quit by increasing awareness of craving and affect. Higher awareness correlated with reduced craving and negative emotions, aiding smoking cessation efforts.

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Area of Science:

  • Behavioral Psychology
  • Clinical Psychology
  • Addiction Research

Background:

  • Mindfulness is increasingly studied for smoking cessation, but its underlying mechanisms require further elucidation.
  • Mindfulness may enhance smoking cessation by improving awareness and skillful response to smoking triggers like affect and craving.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the in-the-moment relationship between awareness, craving, affect, and smoking behavior.
  • To examine these relationships among individuals undergoing smoking cessation treatment using experience sampling (ES).

Main Methods:

  • A clinical trial involving 228 participants evaluating a mindfulness smartphone app (Craving to Quit) versus an ES-only app.
  • Participants completed 22 days of experience sampling (ES), with up to 6 daily surveys measuring awareness, craving, affect, and smoking.
  • Multilevel linear modeling was used to analyze the collected data.

Main Results:

  • Increased awareness was linked to higher positive affect, lower craving, and lower negative affect at both within-person and between-person levels.
  • Lower craving within individuals was associated with reduced smoking.
  • At the between-person level, higher awareness, higher positive affect, lower negative affect, and lower craving were all associated with less smoking.

Conclusions:

  • Awareness of immediate experiences is significantly related to affect and craving, key psychological factors in smoking cessation.
  • Findings suggest that enhancing awareness through interventions like mindfulness training could be beneficial for smokers seeking to quit.