Recent advances in therapeutic nucleic acids and their analytical methods

Area of Science:

• Biotechnology
• Molecular Biology
• Pharmacology

Background:

• Therapeutic nucleic acids, including antisense oligonucleotides (ASO), RNA interference (RNAi), mRNA, and aptamers, function at the gene level.
• Chemical synthesis and delivery material advancements have rapidly accelerated the development of nucleic acid-based therapeutics.
• Seventeen nucleic acid-based therapeutics are currently approved by the FDA or EMA, highlighting their growing clinical significance.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review different classes of therapeutic nucleic acids and their applications.
• To summarize nucleic acid-based therapeutics commercialized between 2019 and the present.
• To discuss and evaluate analytical methods for quality control and clinical research of these therapeutics.

Main Methods:

• Review of different classes of therapeutic nucleic acids (ASO, RNAi, mRNA, aptamers).
• Analysis of commercialized nucleic acid therapeutics from 2019 to present.
• Discussion of analytical techniques including liquid chromatography, capillary gel electrophoresis (CGE), and hybridization enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Main Results:

• Identification of various therapeutic nucleic acid classes with significant application prospects.
• Overview of recently approved and commercialized nucleic acid-based drugs.
• Summary of current analytical methods, highlighting their advantages and limitations.

Conclusions:

• Therapeutic nucleic acids represent a rapidly advancing field with significant clinical impact.
• Robust analytical methods are crucial for ensuring the quality and efficacy of these novel therapeutics.
• Future development of analytical techniques is essential to meet the evolving demands of nucleic acid-based drug development.