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Highlighting and Reducing the Impact of Negative Aging Stereotypes During Older Adults' Cognitive Testing

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Increased alpha suppression with age during involuntary memory retrieval.

Sarah E Henderson¹, Shana A Hall², Jessica M Callegari¹

¹Department of Psychology, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada.

Psychophysiology

|September 27, 2021

Summary

Involuntary episodic memory remains intact with age, unlike voluntary memory. Older adults may use more top-down control, even when not needed, to maintain these memories.

Keywords:

aging cognitive control intentionality memory oscillations

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Cognitive Psychology
Human Aging Research

Background:

Voluntary episodic memory declines with age.
Involuntary episodic memory appears preserved in older adults.
Neurophysiological basis for these memory differences is unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

Investigate age-related differences in voluntary and involuntary episodic memory retrieval.
Examine the neurophysiology using electroencephalography (EEG).
Understand the brain mechanisms underlying preserved involuntary memory in aging.

Main Methods:

Used electroencephalography (EEG) to record brain activity.
Compared younger and older adults during voluntary and involuntary memory retrieval tasks.
Participants encoded sounds paired or unpaired with pictures.

Main Results:

Older adults showed pronounced alpha event-related desynchronization (ERD) regardless of retrieval intention.
Younger adults exhibited greater alpha ERD during voluntary retrieval.
Older adults showed greater occipital ERD for paired vs. unpaired sounds, suggesting visual reactivation.

Conclusions:

Involuntary episodic memory is preserved in aging.
Older adults may over-recruit top-down control mechanisms.
This heightened control might underlie preserved involuntary memory function.