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Immune Checkpoints in Cancers: From Signaling to the Clinic

Céline Pisibon1,2, Amira Ouertani1,2, Corine Bertolotto1,2

  • 1Université Côte d'Azur, 06103 Nice, France.

Cancers
|September 28, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Immune checkpoint inhibitors have transformed cancer treatment, but resistance remains a challenge. Understanding immune cell signaling is key to overcoming resistance and developing new immunotherapies.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Oncology
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • Immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting CTLA4 and PD1 have revolutionized cancer therapy, particularly for melanoma.
  • Despite significant benefits, many patients do not respond or develop resistance to these treatments.
  • Deciphering immune checkpoint signaling is crucial for understanding and overcoming treatment resistance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the signaling pathways and cellular effects of various immune checkpoints.
  • To discuss the biological and clinical relevance of immune checkpoints in different immune cells.
  • To explore strategies for overcoming resistance and improving cancer immunotherapy.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on immune checkpoint inhibitors and their mechanisms.
  • Analysis of signaling pathways affecting T cells and other immune cells.
  • Discussion of clinical outcomes and resistance mechanisms in cancer patients.

Main Results:

  • Immune checkpoints modulate T cell functionality and coordination with other immune cells.
  • Resistance to anti-PD1 therapy can be mediated by factors like ITGBL1 secreted by melanoma.
  • Understanding the complex immune network is vital for enhancing immunotherapy efficacy.

Conclusions:

  • Restoring T cell functionality and inter-immune cell coordination is necessary to overcome resistance.
  • Future immunotherapies require consideration of the complex immune signaling network.
  • Further research may uncover novel immune checkpoints for therapeutic targeting.
Keywords:
cancersimmune cellsimmune checkpointimmunotherapymelanomasignaling

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