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All-optical Mechanobiology Interrogation of Yes-associated Protein in Human Cancer and Normal Cells using a Multi-functional System
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A New Player in Neuroblastoma: YAP and Its Role in the Neuroblastoma Microenvironment
Jenny Shim1,2, Kelly C Goldsmith1,2,3
1Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
Abstract:
Neuroblastoma is the most common extra-cranial pediatric solid tumor that accounts for more than 15% of childhood cancer-related deaths. High risk neuroblastomas that recur during or after intense multimodal therapy have a <5% chance at a second sustained remission or cure. The solid tumor microenvironment (TME) has been increasingly recognized to play a critical role in cancer progression and resistance to therapy, including in neuroblastoma. The Yes-Associated Protein (YAP) in the Hippo pathway can regulate cancer proliferation, tumor initiation, and therapy response in many cancer types and as such, its role in the TME has gained interest. In this review, we focus on YAP and its role in neuroblastoma and further describe its demonstrated and potential effects on the neuroblastoma TME. We also discuss the therapeutic strategies for inhibiting YAP in neuroblastoma.
Insights
Neuroblastoma, a common pediatric cancer, has poor outcomes for recurrent cases. This review explores the Yes-Associated Protein (YAP) and its role in the tumor microenvironment, offering potential therapeutic strategies.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Oncology
- Cancer Biology
- Tumor Microenvironment Research
Background:
- Neuroblastoma is the most frequent pediatric solid tumor outside the skull, causing significant mortality.
- Recurrent high-risk neuroblastomas have a dismal prognosis, with less than 5% achieving a second remission.
- The tumor microenvironment (TME) is crucial for cancer progression and therapeutic resistance in neuroblastoma.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the role of the Yes-Associated Protein (YAP) in neuroblastoma.
- To elucidate YAP's influence on the neuroblastoma tumor microenvironment (TME).
- To discuss therapeutic strategies targeting YAP in neuroblastoma.
Main Methods:
- Literature review focusing on YAP's function in cancer.
- Analysis of YAP's interaction with the neuroblastoma TME.
- Synthesis of current and prospective YAP-inhibiting therapies.
Main Results:
- YAP, a key regulator in the Hippo pathway, impacts cancer proliferation, tumor initiation, and treatment response.
- YAP signaling is implicated in modulating the neuroblastoma TME.
- Evidence suggests YAP's involvement in neuroblastoma progression and therapy resistance.
Conclusions:
- YAP is a significant factor in neuroblastoma development and its TME.
- Targeting YAP presents a promising therapeutic avenue for neuroblastoma.
- Further research into YAP inhibition could improve outcomes for high-risk neuroblastoma patients.
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