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Related Concept Videos

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens01:29

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

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The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
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Viruses with RNA Genomes01:29

Viruses with RNA Genomes

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RNA viruses are categorized into positive-strand, negative-strand, or double-stranded groups based on their genomic structure and replication mechanisms. This classification dictates how they exploit host cellular machinery for protein synthesis and replication. Some RNA viruses also utilize reverse transcription as part of their life cycle, further diversifying their replication strategies.Positive-Strand RNA VirusesPositive-strand RNA viruses have genomes that function directly as messenger...
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NF-κB-dependent Signaling Pathway02:26

NF-κB-dependent Signaling Pathway

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The transcription factor NF-κB was discovered in 1986 in the lab of Nobel laureate Professor David Baltimore, for its interaction with the immunoglobulin light chain enhancer in B-cells. After more than three decades of study, it is now evident that NF-κB regulates the expression of over 100 genes. Most of these genes play an essential role in the innate and adaptive immune responses as well as the inflammatory responses of animals.
NF-κB-dependent Signaling Mechanism
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Retrovirus Life Cycles01:10

Retrovirus Life Cycles

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Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the...
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RNA Interference01:23

RNA Interference

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RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...
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Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer01:03

Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer

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Rous Sarcoma virus or RSV was discovered by F. Peyton Rous in the year 1911 as a filterable transmissible agent that could cause tumors in chickens. He won a Nobel Prize for this discovery in 1966. His experiments clearly demonstrated that some cancers could be caused by infectious agents and led to the discovery of many more cancer-causing viruses in animals as well as humans.
RSV is a retrovirus that contains two copies of a plus-strand  RNA genome. Its genome consists of four main open...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 18, 2025

Monitoring Activation of the Antiviral Pattern Recognition Receptors RIG-I And PKR By Limited Protease Digestion and Native PAGE
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Monitoring Activation of the Antiviral Pattern Recognition Receptors RIG-I And PKR By Limited Protease Digestion and Native PAGE

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NRF2 in Viral Infection.

Angela Herengt1, Jacob Thyrsted1, Christian K Holm1

  • 1Aarhus Research Center for Innate Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark.

Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)
|September 28, 2021
PubMed
Summary

The transcription factor NRF2 (Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2) plays a key role in cellular defense against viruses. This review details NRF2

Area of Science:

  • * Molecular Biology
  • * Immunology
  • * Virology

Background:

  • * Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) is crucial for cellular redox homeostasis and chemoresistance in cancer.
  • * Emerging evidence highlights NRF2's involvement in regulating immune responses, including antiviral defenses.
  • * NRF2 influences both interferon-dependent and independent antiviral immunity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To provide a comprehensive overview of the current scientific understanding of NRF2's role in viral infections.
  • * To synthesize recent findings on NRF2's impact on antiviral immunity and inflammation.
  • * To underscore the significance of NRF2 in the context of host-pathogen interactions during viral disease.

Main Methods:

  • * Literature review of peer-reviewed scientific articles.
Keywords:
NRF2immunologyvirus

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  • * Analysis of studies investigating NRF2 pathways in viral pathogenesis.
  • * Synthesis of data on NRF2's regulatory functions in antiviral responses.

    • Main Results:

    • * NRF2 modulates cellular responses to viral infections through diverse mechanisms.
    • * NRF2 influences the expression of antiviral genes and inflammatory mediators.
    • * NRF2's role extends beyond interferon pathways, impacting other antiviral defense strategies.

    Conclusions:

    • * NRF2 is a critical regulator of the host antiviral response.
    • * Understanding NRF2's multifaceted roles is essential for developing novel antiviral therapies.
    • * Further research into NRF2-mediated immunity could reveal new therapeutic targets for viral diseases.