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Ageing and the Ipsilateral M1 BOLD Response: A Connectivity Study.

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  • 1Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, University College London, London WC1N 3AR, UK.

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|September 28, 2021
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Summary

As people age, the negative BOLD signal in the motor cortex during movement becomes more positive. This shift is linked to increased connectivity between brain regions, not vascular changes, highlighting neural factors in aging.

Keywords:
DCMageingagingconnectivityfMRIipsilateralmotor cortexnegative BOLD

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Aging
  • Brain Imaging

Background:

  • Young adults show a negative Blood-Oxygen-Level-Dependent (BOLD) response in the ipsilateral primary motor cortex (M1) during unilateral movements.
  • This negative BOLD response transitions to a more positive signal with advancing age.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the underlying effective connectivity and hemodynamic mechanisms driving the age-related shift in M1 BOLD response.
  • To determine whether neural or vascular factors are primarily responsible for the observed changes in BOLD signal with age.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized dynamic causal modeling (DCM) on functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data from 635 participants (aged 18-88) from the Cam-CAN dataset.
  • Participants performed a cued button pressing task with their right hand.
  • Analyzed effective connectivity between motor regions and hemodynamic parameters.

Main Results:

  • Increased connectivity from the contralateral supplementary motor area (SMA) and dorsal premotor cortex (PMd) to the ipsilateral M1 correlated with age, explaining 44% of response variability.
  • Connectivity from contralateral M1 to ipsilateral M1 was weaker and did not explain individual differences in the M1 BOLD response.
  • Neurovascular and hemodynamic parameters did not account for the age-related positive shift in BOLD signal.

Conclusions:

  • Neural factors, specifically changes in inter-hemispheric connectivity, predominantly drive the age-related shift from negative to positive M1 BOLD responses.
  • Vascular mechanisms are unlikely to be the primary cause of this age-related BOLD signal change.
  • The findings suggest that M1 BOLD response characteristics could serve as a biomarker for neural and vascular health in aging populations.