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Decision Making under Risk in Patients Suffering from Schizophrenia or Depression.

Theresa Benke1, Josef Marksteiner1, Beatrix Ruepp1

  • 1Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy A, Hall State Hospital, 6060 Hall in Tirol, Austria.

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Patients with schizophrenia or depression struggle with risky decisions requiring quick thinking and flexibility. Their decision-making deficits correlate with cognitive impairments and symptom severity, impacting daily functioning.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Cognitive Psychology

Background:

  • Decision-making impairments are reported in schizophrenia and depression.
  • Cognitive flexibility is crucial for effective decision-making under risk.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Compare decision-making under risk and cognitive flexibility in schizophrenia patients, depressed patients, and healthy controls.
  • Examine relationships between decision-making, cognitive function, and clinical severity.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the Probability-Associated Gambling (PAG) Task and a neuropsychological test battery.
  • Assessed 30 healthy controls, 28 schizophrenia patients, and 28 depressed patients.
  • Employed structured clinical assessments, including the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale and Hamilton Rating Scale.

Main Results:

  • Both patient groups showed deficits in memory and executive functions compared to controls.
  • Depressed patients were slower decision-makers but maintained comparable strategy flexibility.
  • Schizophrenia patients exhibited slower, riskier, and less flexible decision-making, correlated with symptom severity.

Conclusions:

  • Schizophrenia and depression patients face challenges in rapid, flexible decision-making under risk.
  • Cognitive deficits and clinical severity exacerbate these decision-making difficulties.
  • Findings highlight the need for interventions targeting cognitive and decision-making impairments in these populations.