Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Comparing Mitochondrial, Chloroplast, and Prokaryotic Genomes02:16

Comparing Mitochondrial, Chloroplast, and Prokaryotic Genomes

14.5K
The present-day mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes have retained some of the characteristics of their ancestral prokaryotes and also have acquired new attributes during their evolution within eukaryotic cells. Like prokaryotic genomes, mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes neither bind with histone-like proteins nor show complex packaging into chromosome-like structures, as observed in eukaryotes. Unlike mitotic cell divisions observed in eukaryotic cells, mitochondria and chloroplasts...
14.5K
Diversity of Archaea II01:24

Diversity of Archaea II

173
Archaea, one of the three domains of life, exhibit remarkable diversity and adaptability, thriving in both extreme and moderate environments. Historically, most identified archaea have been classified into two major phyla: Euryarchaeota and Crenarchaeota. However, recent molecular studies have expanded this classification to include three additional phyla: Thaumarchaeota, Nanoarchaeota, and Korarchaeota, each exhibiting unique characteristics and ecological roles.Thaumarchaeota: Mesophiles...
173
Viruses of Archaea01:29

Viruses of Archaea

178
Archaeal viruses play a crucial role in the ecosystems of extremophilic archaea, particularly those belonging to the phyla Euryarchaeota and Crenarchaeota. By shaping host evolution and facilitating gene transfer, these viruses influence microbial communities and contribute to genetic diversity in extreme environments. The archaea they infect thrive in acidic hot springs and hydrothermal vents characterized by high temperatures and low pH. Archaeal viruses exhibit remarkable structural...
178
Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes03:21

Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes

8.5K
While every living organism has a genome of some kind (be it RNA, or DNA), there is considerable variation in the sizes of these blueprints. One major factor that impacts genome size is whether the organism is prokaryotic or eukaryotic. In prokaryotes, the genome contains little to no non-coding sequence, such that genes are tightly clustered in groups or operons sequentially along the chromosome. Conversely, the genes in eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of non-coding sequence.
8.5K
Genomic DNA in Eukaryotes00:58

Genomic DNA in Eukaryotes

49.9K
Eukaryotes have large genomes compared to prokaryotes. To fit their genomes into a cell, eukaryotic DNA is packaged extraordinarily tightly inside the nucleus. To achieve this, DNA is tightly wound around proteins called histones, which are packaged into nucleosomes that are joined by linker DNA and coil into chromatin fibers. Additional fibrous proteins further compact the chromatin, which is recognizable as chromosomes during certain phases of cell division.
49.9K
Multi-species Conserved Sequences02:51

Multi-species Conserved Sequences

4.3K
Next-generation sequencing technologies have created large genomic databases of a variety of animals and plants. Ever since the human genome project was completed, scientists studied the genome of primates, mammals, and other phylogenetically distant living beings. Such large-scale  studies have provided new insights into the evolutionary relationship between organisms.
Although the genome of each species varies greatly from each other, a few sequences are highly conserved. Such conserved...
4.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Fifteen millennia of human mitogenome evolution in Sicily.

Science advances·2025
Same author

Punic people were genetically diverse with almost no Levantine ancestors.

Nature·2025
Same author

Ancient DNA from the Green Sahara reveals ancestral North African lineage.

Nature·2025
Same author

Author Correction: Life history and ancestry of the late Upper Palaeolithic infant from Grotta delle Mura, Italy.

Nature communications·2024
Same author

Life history and ancestry of the late Upper Palaeolithic infant from Grotta delle Mura, Italy.

Nature communications·2024
Same author

The role of emerging elites in the formation and development of communities after the fall of the Roman Empire.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 18, 2025

Primer Extension Capture: Targeted Sequence Retrieval from Heavily Degraded DNA Sources
15:28

Primer Extension Capture: Targeted Sequence Retrieval from Heavily Degraded DNA Sources

Published on: September 3, 2009

20.4K

Ancient and Archaic Genomes.

Stefania Vai1, Martina Lari1, David Caramelli1

  • 1Department of Biology, University of Florence, 50122 Florence, Italy.

Genes
|September 28, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Ancient DNA analysis has evolved significantly over thirty years. New techniques reveal deeper insights into past populations and evolutionary history.

Area of Science:

  • Paleogenomics and ancient DNA (aDNA) research.

Background:

  • The field of ancient DNA analysis has advanced considerably since the first publications over thirty years ago.
  • Technological innovations have dramatically improved the scope and resolution of aDNA studies.

Discussion:

  • Discussing the transformative impact of ancient DNA on our understanding of human history, evolution, and migration patterns.
  • Highlighting the methodological advancements that have enabled the recovery and analysis of increasingly degraded DNA fragments.

Key Insights:

  • Ancient DNA provides direct molecular evidence for population dynamics and admixture events.
  • The study of ancient genomes offers unparalleled insights into evolutionary processes and adaptation.

Outlook:

  • Future research directions include expanding geographic and temporal coverage of aDNA studies.

More Related Videos

Optimized Bone Sampling Protocols for the Retrieval of Ancient DNA from Archaeological Remains
06:18

Optimized Bone Sampling Protocols for the Retrieval of Ancient DNA from Archaeological Remains

Published on: November 30, 2021

4.3K
Removal of Exogenous Materials from the Outer Portion of Frozen Cores to Investigate the Ancient Biological Communities Harbored Inside
09:06

Removal of Exogenous Materials from the Outer Portion of Frozen Cores to Investigate the Ancient Biological Communities Harbored Inside

Published on: July 3, 2016

8.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 18, 2025

Primer Extension Capture: Targeted Sequence Retrieval from Heavily Degraded DNA Sources
15:28

Primer Extension Capture: Targeted Sequence Retrieval from Heavily Degraded DNA Sources

Published on: September 3, 2009

20.4K
Optimized Bone Sampling Protocols for the Retrieval of Ancient DNA from Archaeological Remains
06:18

Optimized Bone Sampling Protocols for the Retrieval of Ancient DNA from Archaeological Remains

Published on: November 30, 2021

4.3K
Removal of Exogenous Materials from the Outer Portion of Frozen Cores to Investigate the Ancient Biological Communities Harbored Inside
09:06

Removal of Exogenous Materials from the Outer Portion of Frozen Cores to Investigate the Ancient Biological Communities Harbored Inside

Published on: July 3, 2016

8.2K
  • Continued technological development promises even greater resolution in reconstructing past biological and demographic histories.