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MicroRNAs-The Heart of Post-Myocardial Infarction Remodeling
Liana Maries1,2, Cătălin Marian1,2, Raluca Sosdean1,3
1Biochemistry Department, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 300041 Timisoara, Romania.
Abstract:
Myocardial infarction (MI) is one of the most frequent cardiac emergencies, with significant potential for mortality. One of the major challenges of the post-MI healing response is that replacement fibrosis could lead to left ventricular remodeling (LVR) and heart failure (HF). This process involves canonical and non-canonical transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) signaling pathways translating into an intricate activation of cardiac fibroblasts and disproportionate collagen synthesis. Accumulating evidence has indicated that microRNAs (miRNAs) significantly contribute to the modulation of these signaling pathways. This review summarizes the recent updates regarding the molecular mechanisms underlying the role of the over 30 miRNAs involved in post-MI LVR. In addition, we compare the contradictory roles of several multifunctional miRNAs and highlight their potential use in pressure overload and ischemia-induced fibrosis. Finally, we discuss their attractive role as prognostic biomarkers for HF, highlighting the most relevant human trials involving these miRNAs.
Insights
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a crucial role in regulating cardiac fibrosis after myocardial infarction (MI), influencing left ventricular remodeling (LVR) and heart failure (HF). This review explores over 30 miRNAs involved in post-MI LVR and their potential as prognostic biomarkers.
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular Research
- Molecular Biology
- Biomedical Science
Background:
- Myocardial infarction (MI) is a leading cause of cardiac emergencies and mortality.
- Post-MI fibrosis can lead to adverse left ventricular remodeling (LVR) and heart failure (HF).
- Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) signaling pathways are key drivers of cardiac fibroblast activation and collagen synthesis post-MI.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review recent findings on the molecular mechanisms of microRNAs (miRNAs) in post-MI LVR.
- To compare the diverse roles of specific miRNAs in cardiac fibrosis.
- To discuss the potential of miRNAs as prognostic biomarkers for heart failure (HF).
Main Methods:
- Literature review of studies on miRNAs and post-MI LVR.
- Analysis of molecular mechanisms involving miRNAs in cardiac fibrosis.
- Examination of human trials related to miRNAs in heart failure.
Main Results:
- Over 30 miRNAs are implicated in the modulation of TGF-β signaling and cardiac fibrosis post-MI.
- Several multifunctional miRNAs exhibit contradictory roles in pressure overload and ischemia-induced fibrosis.
- MiRNAs show promise as prognostic biomarkers for HF, with ongoing human trials.
Conclusions:
- MiRNAs are critical regulators of cardiac remodeling and fibrosis following myocardial infarction.
- Understanding miRNA functions offers potential therapeutic targets for preventing heart failure.
- Further research and clinical trials are needed to validate miRNAs as reliable biomarkers for HF prognosis.
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