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Hypertension in Children with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome-Age, Weight Status, and Disease Severity

Hai-Hua Chuang1,2,3,4, Jen-Fu Hsu4,5, Chao-Yung Wang6

  • 1Department of Family Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei Branch and Linkou Main Branch, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan.

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
|September 28, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Pediatric hypertension is linked to obesity and severe obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). Addressing these factors, along with abnormal blood oxygen saturation, can help manage hypertension in children with OSAS.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Cardiology
  • Sleep Medicine

Background:

  • Obesity and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) are recognized risk factors for hypertension in adults.
  • Limited data exist on these associations in pediatric populations, necessitating further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationships between hypertension, age, weight status, and OSAS severity in children.
  • To identify independent predictors of pediatric hypertension in children diagnosed with OSAS.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional study involving 396 children with OSAS.
  • Analysis of hypertension prevalence, obesity, OSAS severity (apnea-hypopnea index), and blood oxygen saturation (SpO2).
  • Statistical analysis to determine independent predictors of hypertension using logistic regression.

Main Results:

  • Prevalence rates: Hypertension (27.0%), obesity (28.0%), severe OSAS (42.9%).
  • Independent predictors of pediatric hypertension included late childhood/adolescence, obesity, and severe OSAS.
  • In obese children, late childhood/adolescence and abnormal SpO2 predicted hypertension; in non-obese children, severe OSAS predicted hypertension.

Conclusions:

  • Obesity, OSAS severity, and abnormal SpO2 are significant independent predictors of hypertension in children with OSAS.
  • These factors represent potentially modifiable targets for improving hypertension management in this population.
  • Early identification and intervention for obesity and OSAS severity are crucial for preventing pediatric hypertension.

Keywords:
ageapnea-hypopnea indexblood oxygen saturationchildrenhypertensionobesityobstructive sleep apnea syndrome

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