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Neutralizing a Springboard for Inflammation: Physical Activity to Control the Immune Network.

Victor Kallen1, Rogier Scherder2, Maarten J Cramer3

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Regular exercise can strengthen the immune system, improving outcomes for those at high risk of severe COVID-19. Exercise protocols, from simple movement to intense training, show benefits within 3 weeks to 3 months.

Keywords:
COVID-19exerciseimmune functioninginflammationlifestylesedentarystress

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Area of Science:

  • Exercise Science
  • Immunology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic's severe outcomes are linked to the pre-existing 'pandemic' of sedentary lifestyles.
  • Individuals with obesity, cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes face worse prognoses after COVID-19 infection.
  • There is a critical need to understand how exercise can bolster the immune system, especially in high-risk groups.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and evaluate exercise protocols aimed at strengthening the immune system.
  • To identify exercise interventions suitable for all ages and physical conditions, even during restricted circumstances like lockdowns.
  • To determine the timeframe for observing immune-boosting effects from exercise.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of previously published exercise protocols.
  • Evaluation of exercise types ranging from interrupting prolonged sitting to high-intensity interval training.
  • Analysis of reported direct, metabolic, and psychological effects of exercise on immune function.

Main Results:

  • Various exercise protocols, including interrupting sitting, moderate exercise, and high-intensity interval training, positively impact immune function.
  • Beneficial effects on immunity are observed either directly or indirectly through metabolic and psychological improvements.
  • Measurable immune enhancements typically occur within 3 weeks to 3 months of consistent exercise.

Conclusions:

  • Exercise interventions are highly relevant for strengthening the immune system and mitigating risks associated with COVID-19.
  • An optimal, universally accessible exercise protocol can be designed to maximize immune benefits, adaptable even during lockdowns.
  • Consistent exercise offers a viable strategy to improve immune resilience across diverse populations and physical capabilities.