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Frailty in Stroke-A Narrated Review
Ebrahim Bani Hassan1,2, Steven Phu1,2, Elyce Warburton3
1Department of Medicine, Australia Institute of Muscular Skeletal Health, Western Health, The University of Melbourne, 176 Furlong Road, St Albans, VIC 3021, Australia.
Life (Basel, Switzerland)
|September 28, 2021
Summary
Stroke survivors and individuals with Long COVID (Post COVID-19 Neurological Syndrome) may develop physical and cognitive frailty due to chronic inflammation. Both conditions share similar neuro-inflammatory pathways and long-term symptoms impacting quality of life.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Gerontology
- Immunology
Background:
- Stroke survivors often experience long-term symptoms like fatigue, cognitive decline, and reduced physical activity, leading to frailty.
- Post COVID-19 Neurological Syndrome (PCNS) presents similar debilitating symptoms, impacting independence and quality of life.
- Chronic, low-grade inflammation (inflammaging) is implicated in the pathophysiology of both stroke-induced frailty and PCNS.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the relationship between stroke, physical and cognitive frailty syndromes, and neuro-inflammatory mechanisms.
- To explore the potential overlap in pathophysiology between stroke sequelae and PCNS.
- To highlight the role of chronic inflammation in the development of frailty in both conditions.
Main Methods:
- Narrative review of existing literature.
- Comparative analysis of clinical manifestations and underlying mechanisms of stroke and PCNS.
- Discussion of the role of neuroinflammation and inflammaging.
Main Results:
- Stroke, especially in older adults with comorbidities, can lead to physical and cognitive frailty syndromes.
- PCNS shares significant pathophysiological similarities with stroke-related frailty.
- Persistent, low-grade chronic inflammation is a common factor contributing to frailty in both conditions.
Conclusions:
- Stroke and PCNS may converge on similar frailty syndromes driven by neuro-inflammatory processes.
- Understanding these shared mechanisms is crucial for developing effective interventions for both stroke recovery and Long COVID management.
- Further research into inflammaging is warranted to address the long-term health consequences of stroke and PCNS.
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