Study of Triticum aestivum Resistome in Response to Wheat dwarf India Virus Infection

Susceptible and resistant germplasm respond differently to pathogenic attack, including virus infections. We compared the transcriptome changes between a resistant wheat cultivar, Sonalika, and a susceptible cultivar, WL711, to understand this process in wheat against wheat dwarf India virus (WDIV) infection. A total of 2760 and 1853 genes were differentially expressed in virus-infected and mock-inoculated Sonalika, respectively, compared to WL711. The overrepresentation of genes involved in signaling, hormone metabolism, enzymes, secondary metabolites, proteolysis, and transcription factors was documented, including the overexpression of multiple PR proteins. We hypothesize that the virus resistance in Sonalika is likely due to strong intracellular surveillance via the action of multiple PR proteins (PR1, RAR1, and RPM1) and ChiB. Other genes such as PIP1, LIP1, DnaJ, defensins, oxalate oxidase, ankyrin repeat protein, serine-threonine kinase, SR proteins, beta-1,3-glucanases, and O-methyltransferases had a significant differential expression and play roles in stress tolerance, may also be contributing towards the virus resistance in Sonalika. In addition, we identified putative genes with unknown functions, which are only expressed in response to WDIV infection in Sonalika. The role of these genes could be further validated and utilized in engineering resistance in wheat and other crops.