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Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists01:27

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5-HT3 receptor antagonists, such as dolasetron, granisetron (Kytril), ondansetron (Zofran), and palonosetron (Axoli), are crucial in managing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) and postoperative nausea. These drugs selectively block 5-HT3 receptors in the visceral vagal and spinal afferent nerves, chemoreceptor trigger zone, and the vomiting center. They have a rapid onset of action and can be given as a single dose before chemotherapy. Ondansetron and granisetron, in particular,...
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In human women, oogenesis produces one mature egg cell or ovum for every precursor cell that enters meiosis. This process differs in two unique ways from the equivalent procedure of spermatogenesis in males. First, meiotic divisions during oogenesis are asymmetric, meaning that a large oocyte (containing most of the cytoplasm) and minor polar body are produced as a result of meiosis I, and again following meiosis II. Since only oocytes will go on to form embryos if fertilized, this unequal...
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Dopamine receptor antagonists, also known as antipsychotic agents, are critical in managing chemotherapy-induced vomiting. These antiemetic agents block dopamine receptors in the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ), inhibiting signal transmission to the vomiting center. Antipsychotic agents encompass phenothiazines (PTZ), butyrophenones, benzamides, and thienobenzodiazepines (Zyprexa), which are utilized for their antiemetic and sedative properties.
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Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 18, 2025

Fertility Preservation Through Oocyte Vitrification: Clinical and Laboratory Perspectives
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How to Protect Ovarian Function before and during Chemotherapy?

Luca Arecco1,2, Tommaso Ruelle2,3, Valentino Martelli2,4

  • 1U.O. Clinica di Oncologia Medica, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy.

Journal of Clinical Medicine
|September 28, 2021
PubMed
Summary

GnRH agonist therapy during chemotherapy can protect premenopausal women from premature ovarian insufficiency and infertility. This approach helps preserve ovarian function, mitigating the gonadotoxic effects of cancer treatments.

Keywords:
cancerovarian function preservationpremature ovarian insufficiencypremenopausal patients

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Reproductive Endocrinology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Cancer is frequently diagnosed in premenopausal women, with breast, gynecological, and hematological malignancies being most common.
  • Anticancer treatments pose significant risks of premature ovarian insufficiency and infertility, impacting quality of life.
  • While oocyte/embryo cryopreservation aids fertility preservation, it does not protect ovarian function during chemotherapy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the risk of treatment-induced gonadotoxicity in premenopausal cancer patients.
  • To evaluate the evidence supporting gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) administration during chemotherapy for ovarian function preservation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on chemotherapy-induced gonadotoxicity.
  • Analysis of evidence regarding the efficacy of GnRHa in preserving ovarian function during cytotoxic therapy.

Main Results:

  • Chemotherapy poses a substantial risk of gonadotoxicity, leading to premature ovarian insufficiency.
  • GnRHa administration during chemotherapy is an emerging strategy to mitigate this risk.
  • GnRHa therapy is beneficial for ovarian function preservation, even in women not seeking fertility preservation.

Conclusions:

  • GnRHa therapy during chemotherapy is a recommended option to reduce gonadotoxicity.
  • This strategy helps prevent premature ovarian insufficiency and preserve ovarian function in premenopausal women undergoing cancer treatment.
  • Ovarian function preservation is crucial for improving long-term outcomes in young cancer survivors.