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The design of prismatic beams, structural elements with a uniform cross-section, focuses on ensuring safety and structural integrity under load. The design process begins by determining the allowable stress, either from material properties tables, or by dividing the material's ultimate strength by a safety factor. This safety factor is essential for accommodating uncertainties, and varies depending on the material—timber, steel, or concrete—with each having unique strength and...
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A Facile and Eco-friendly Route to Fabricate PolyLactic Acid Scaffolds with Graded Pore Size
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Bioinspired Helicoidal Composite Structure Featuring Functionally Graded Variable Ply Pitch.

Michele Meo1, Francesco Rizzo1, Mark Portus1

  • 1Material and Structure Centre, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)
|September 28, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Functionally Graded Pitch (FGP) composites mimic natural structures to enhance impact resistance. These bioinspired laminates show significantly reduced damage and improved post-impact performance compared to traditional designs.

Keywords:
bioinspirationcompositehelicoidalimpact resistanceresidual strength

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science and Engineering
  • Composite Materials
  • Bioinspired Design

Background:

  • Composite laminated materials offer high tailorability but suffer from low out-of-plane impact resistance, leading to structural failure.
  • Natural structures, like shells, exhibit optimized impact resistance through complex, non-uniform architectures.
  • Existing bioinspired helicoidal laminates use constant pitch rotation, unlike nature's variable pitch.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and manufacture Functionally Graded Pitch (FGP) laminated composites inspired by natural helicoidal structures with variable pitch.
  • To enhance impact resistance and energy absorption capabilities compared to a benchmark laminate.
  • To investigate the effectiveness of a mathematically scaled triangular sequence for replicating natural helicoidal arrangements.

Main Methods:

  • Designed and manufactured FGP laminated composites with gradually increasing pitch rotation angles.
  • Conducted three-point bending tests and Low Velocity Impact (LVI) tests at 15 J and 25 J.
  • Evaluated damage using ultrasonic testing and assessed residual properties via Flexural After Impact (FAI) tests.

Main Results:

  • FGP laminates exhibited a 41% average reduction in damaged area and a 111% increase in post-impact residual energy.
  • Absorbed energy was reduced by 44%, while mechanical strength increased by 21% and elastic energy capacity by 78% in three-point bending tests.
  • Demonstrated superior impact behavior and residual mechanical properties compared to the benchmark laminate.

Conclusions:

  • Functionally Graded Pitch (FGP) laminated composites effectively replicate natural bioinspired designs for improved impact resistance.
  • Variable pitch rotation is crucial for optimizing energy absorption and stress distribution in helicoidal composites.
  • This study presents a novel approach to manufacturing bioinspired composites with significant enhancements in impact performance.