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Related Concept Videos

Inverting and Non-inverting OpAmps01:20

Inverting and Non-inverting OpAmps

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In an inverting amplifier, the input voltage is connected through a resistor to the inverting terminal. Meanwhile, the non-inverting terminal is grounded and a feedback resistor is established between the inverting and output terminal, as depicted in Figure 1.
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Centrosome Duplication02:25

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The primary microtubule organizing center (MTOC) in animal cells is the centrosome. A centrosome has two cylindrical centrioles at its core. Each centriole consists of nine sets of three microtubules held together by proteins. The centrioles are positioned at right angles to each other and surrounded by a shapeless protein cloud called the pericentriolar matrix, or pericentriolar material (PCM).
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Gene Duplication and Divergence02:37

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The seminal work of Ohno in 1970 popularized the idea of gene duplication and divergence. DNA sequence comparison studies reveal that a large portion of the genes in bacteria, archaebacteria, and eukaryotes was  generated by gene duplication and divergence, indicating its critical role in evolution.
The duplicated copies of the gene are called Paralogs. Paralogs with similar sequences and functions form a gene family. Across several species, a large number of gene families are...
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Duplication of Chromatin Structure02:05

Duplication of Chromatin Structure

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The process of chromosome duplication during cell division requires genome-wide disruption and re-assembly of chromatin. The chromatin structure must be accurately inherited, reassembled, and maintained in the daughter cells to ensure lineage propagation.
The basic unit of the chromatin is the nucleosome, consisting of DNA wrapped around octameric histone proteins and short stretches of linker DNA separating individual nucleosomes. The histone proteins within the nucleosome have their...
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Other Nuclides: 31P, 19F, 15N NMR01:16

Other Nuclides: 31P, 19F, 15N NMR

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Many organic, inorganic, and biological molecules contain spin-half nuclei such as nitrogen-15, fluorine-19, and phosphorus-31. As a result, NMR studies of these nuclei have found extensive applications in chemical and biological research.
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Fixed Action Patterns01:06

Fixed Action Patterns

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A fixed action pattern (FAP) is a specific, hard-wired sequence of behaviors that occurs in response to an external stimulus, called a sign stimulus. The behavior is “fixed” because it is essentially unchangeable—proceeding similarly across individuals of a species every time it occurs.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 14, 2026

Isotropic Light-Sheet Microscopy and Automated Cell Lineage Analyses to Catalogue Caenorhabditis elegans Embryogenesis with Subcellular Resolution
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High resolution pattern of an inverted duplication (15).

J J Hoo

    Clinical Genetics
    |March 1, 1986
    PubMed
    Summary

    A supernumerary marker chromosome was identified in a boy with intellectual disability. This extra chromosome, an inverted duplication of chromosome 15, was found to be inherited from his mother.

    Area of Science:

    • Genetics
    • Cytogenetics
    • Developmental Biology

    Background:

    • Intellectual disability can arise from various genetic factors, including chromosomal abnormalities.
    • Supernumerary marker chromosomes are extra, often small, chromosomes that can lead to developmental issues.

    Observation:

    • A case study of a mentally retarded boy was conducted.
    • Various staining techniques and high-resolution GBG banding were employed to analyze metaphase chromosomes.

    Findings:

    • The boy's karyotype was determined to be 47,XY, + inv dup(15) (pter----q13: :q13----pter).
    • This indicated the presence of an extra marker chromosome, specifically an inverted duplication of chromosome 15.
    • Genetic analysis confirmed the supernumerary chromosome was of maternal origin.

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    Implications:

    • This finding contributes to understanding the genetic basis of intellectual disability.
    • Identifying the origin of chromosomal abnormalities is crucial for genetic counseling.
    • Further research can explore the specific impact of inv dup(15) on cognitive development.