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Microcracking in Concrete

Microcracking in Concrete

Microcracking in concrete refers to the tiny cracks that can form within the material even before any external load is applied. These microcracks typically occur at the interface between the coarse aggregate and the hydrated cement paste, often as a result of differential volume changes prompted by variations in stress-strain behavior, as well as thermal and moisture movement. Initially, these microcracks remain stable and do not grow substantially until the concrete is stressed to about 30...

Types of Non-structural Cracks in Concrete

Types of Non-structural Cracks in Concrete

Non-structural cracks are primarily of three types: plastic, early-age thermal, and drying shrinkage cracks. Plastic cracks are further classified into plastic shrinkage cracks and plastic settlement cracks.
Plastic shrinkage cracks typically form within hours after the concrete is poured. The concrete's surface dries faster than the bottom, creating tensile stress that the still-plastic concrete cannot withstand, leading to diagonal or randomly patterned cracks on the concrete surface.

Dynamic Modulus of Elasticity of Concrete

Dynamic Modulus of Elasticity of Concrete

The dynamic modulus of elasticity assesses how a concrete structure deforms under impact or dynamic loads. It is typically higher than the static modulus of elasticity, measured under slow, steady loading conditions.
The sonic test is a common method to determine the dynamic modulus. In this test, a concrete beam, sized either 6 x 6 x 30 inches or 4 x 4 x 20 inches, is clamped at its center. Vibrations are initiated at one end of the beam by an electromagnetic exciter unit powered by...

Non-destructive Tests for Concrete Strength

Non-destructive Tests for Concrete Strength

The rebound hammer test, also known as the Schmidt hammer test, is a non-destructive technique for evaluating the hardness of concrete and, indirectly, the strength of concrete. It operates on the principle that the rebound of a spring-driven mass from a concrete surface correlates to the surface's hardness. The device comprises a mass within a tubular housing, a spring mechanism, and a plunger that strikes the concrete. Upon release, the energy imparted to the mass by the spring causes it...

Behavior of Concrete Under Compressive Load

Behavior of Concrete Under Compressive Load

Concrete exhibits specific behaviors under different compressive loads. Understanding this is crucial for understanding its structural integrity. When concrete undergoes uniaxial compression, it tends to develop cracks that run parallel to the direction of the force. These parallel cracks stem from localized tensile stresses that occur perpendicular to the compression direction. Additionally, angled cracks may appear due to the formation of shear planes.
As the concrete specimen fractures under...

Prestressed Concrete

Prestressed Concrete

Prestressed concrete is a construction technique designed to enhance the strength and durability of concrete structures. This method involves the application of a pre-set tension to high-strength steel strands used as reinforcement before the concrete is subjected to its working loads. The primary aim of prestressing is to place the concrete in a state of compression, in order to counteract the tensile forces it will experience in service. This pre-compression helps prevent crack formation in...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 18, 2025

Crack Monitoring in Resonance Fatigue Testing of Welded Specimens Using Digital Image Correlation

Crack Monitoring in Resonance Fatigue Testing of Welded Specimens Using Digital Image Correlation

Published on: September 29, 2019

Torsional Crack Localization in Palm Oil Clinker Concrete Using Acoustic Emission Method.

Safdar Khan¹, Soon Poh Yap¹, Chee Ghuan Tan¹

¹Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)

|September 28, 2021

Summary

Palm oil clinker (POC) aggregates offer a sustainable alternative in concrete production. This study found that increasing POC content reduces concrete strength but provides insights into its torsional behavior and cracking using acoustic emissions.

Keywords:

acoustic emission mechanical properties palm oil clinker torsional behavior

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Crack Monitoring in Resonance Fatigue Testing of Welded Specimens Using Digital Image Correlation

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Preparation of Aligned Steel Fiber Reinforced Cementitious Composite and Its Flexural Behavior

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Published on: June 27, 2018

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Civil Engineering
Sustainable Construction

Background:

Palm oil clinker (POC) aggregates are a promising substitute for natural sand and gravel in concrete, promoting waste reduction and resource conservation.
While the mechanical properties of POC-containing concrete have been studied, its torsional behavior remains under-investigated.
Torsional strength in concrete is closely linked to its tensile strength.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the compressive, tensile, and torsional response of concrete incorporating varying ratios of POC aggregates.
To evaluate the impact of POC aggregate replacement on concrete's mechanical properties and failure mechanisms under torsional loads.

Main Methods:

Five concrete batches were prepared with POC aggregate replacing granite at replacement levels of 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, and 100%.
Mixture proportions were determined using the Design of Experiments (DOE) methodology.
Mechanical properties (density, compressive, tensile, flexural strength) were assessed. Torsional tests were conducted, and cracking was monitored using acoustic emissions (AE).

Main Results:

A 100% replacement of granite with POC aggregates led to reductions in hard density (8.80%), compressive strength (37.25%), splitting tensile strength (30.94%), and flexural strength (14.31%).
Both initial and ultimate torque decreased with increasing POC content, while crack propagation intensified.
Acoustic emissions (AE) showed a significant increase during crack initiation and development, correlating with drops in the torque/twist curve.

Conclusions:

POC aggregates can be used in concrete, but their inclusion impacts mechanical strength, particularly under torsional stress.
Acoustic emissions effectively characterize the cracking behavior of POC-concrete under torsion, offering insights into failure mechanisms.
Further research can optimize POC aggregate usage for structural applications, balancing sustainability with performance.