A Blockchain-Based Multi-Factor Authentication Model for a Cloud-Enabled Internet of Vehicles

Area of Science:

• Information and Communication Technology (ICT)
• Cybersecurity
• Vehicular Networks

Background:

• Internet of Vehicles (IoV) relies on IoT-to-Cloud and Edge Intelligence architectures.
• IoV systems are vulnerable to cyberattacks due to weak authentication.
• Existing security measures require enhancement for robust access control.

Purpose of the Study:

• To propose a Blockchain-based Multi-Factor authentication model with an embedded Digital Signature (MFBC_eDS).
• To enhance the security of vehicular clouds and Cloud-enabled IoV systems.
• To improve authentication mechanisms against adversarial attacks.

Main Methods:

• Integration of Security Assertion Mark-up Language (SAML) with Single Sign-On (SSO) capabilities.
• Development of an embedded Probabilistic Polynomial-Time Algorithm (ePPTA) and an additional Hash function.
• Comparison with the baseline authentication scheme by Karla and Sood.
• Analysis based on the Dolev-Yao adversarial model.

Main Results:

• The proposed MFBC_eDS model demonstrates suitability for countering major adversarial attacks in IoV.
• The model enhances the Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability (CIA) triad.
• Preliminary analysis indicates improved security over baseline schemes.

Conclusions:

• The MFBC_eDS model offers a robust solution for securing Cloud-enabled IoV environments.
• Blockchain technology and advanced cryptographic techniques are crucial for IoV security.
• The proposed authentication model addresses critical vulnerabilities in vehicular networks.